In this work, we obtain a simple measure factor for the λ and θ zero-mode integrations in the pure-spinor formalism in the context of an N = 4, d = 4 theory. We show that the measure can be defined unambiguously up to BRST-trivial terms and an overall factor, and is much simpler than (although equivalent to) the expression obtained by dimensional reduction from the N = 1, d = 10 measure factor....

The role of Cryptography in today’s digital world is significant. It secures information mathematically by mangling message with key. The privacy of intended sender and receiver information is protected from eavesdropper. The objective of the paper is playfair cipher. The existing methods of playfair cipher are studied. The restrictions of earlier works a playfair cipher using 5X5 matrix, 7X4 m...

We give detailed discussion of a procedure for determining the robust D-stability of a 4×4 real matrix. The procedure begins from the Hurwitz stability criterion. The procedure is applied to two numerical examples.