Abstract The present study aims at introducing reconfigurable mechanical metamaterials by utilising four-dimensional (4D) printing process for recoverable energy dissipation and absorption applications with shape memory effects. architected are designed as a repeating arrangement of re-entrant auxetic, hexagonal, AuxHex unit-cells manufactured using 3D fused deposition modelling process. cellul...

The introduction of 4D printing has revolutionized the concept additive manufacturing; it is a promising technology that can bring immense advantages over classical production and manufacturing techniques, such as achieving programmed time-varying structures consequently reducing time costs. rise considered an evolution 3D due to fourth dimension: time. This possible thanks intelligent material...

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric composites used in transducers were fabricated via direct ink writing (DIW) combined with furnace sintering and resin impregnation. A ceramic slurry a volume fraction of 52 vol% suitable viscoelasticity was prepared. After post-process, the PZT specimens showed nanoscale grain size density 7.63 g/cm 3 , accounting for 97.8% theoretical density. The ef...

4D printing focus on the integration of a targeted morphing function by controlling properties and architecture materials. The present work evaluates potential tailoring to Hygromorph BioComposite (HBC), which paves way for construction new generation sustainable shape-changing metamaterials with sequential response. HBCs are made continuous flax fibres that have been proven be relevant actuati...

Here the 4D printing of a magnifying polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) lens encoded with tunable plasmonic rejection filter is reported. The formed by moldless PDMS pre-polymer on nanostructured porous silicon (PSi) templating layer. A nanometer-thick integrated surface in situ synthesis Ag and Au nanoparticles (NPs) programmed density. can be designed to reject light at resonance wavelength NPs an o...

This paper incorporates the homogenization theory into non-penalized Smooth-Edged Material Distribution for Optimizing Topology (SEMDOT) algorithm to conduct design of cellular structures with maximum shear modulus. The parametric study and comparison existing results obtained by BESO are carried out. numerical examples in 2D 3D demonstrate effectiveness SEMDOT generating smooth Compared BESO, ...

background: ratio of second and fourth digit (2d:4d) is known to be germane in analyzing utero concentrations of testosterone and estrogen in human and other vertebrates. 2d:4d had been linked several traits like athletes’ abilities, reproductive success, risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease (cvd). metabolic syndrome (mets) is a clustering of several cardiovascular risk factors. waist ci...