The detailed catalytic mechanism by which glycosyltransferases catalyze the transfer of a glycosyl residue from a donor sugar to an acceptor is not known. Through the multiple alignment of all known eukaryotic glycogen synthases we have found an invariant 17-amino acid stretch enclosed within the most conserved region of the members of this family. This peptide includes an E-X(7)-E motif, which...

Silica monoliths with uniform macro-/mesoporous structures (20 μm and 20 nm macro- mesopores diameters, respectively), high porosity (83 %) surface area (370 m2 g−1) were prepared. The grafted amino groups (0.9 mmol NH2 used to immobilize laccase from Trametes versicolor by covalent grafting glutaraldehyde (GLU) (1.0 GLU leading an ABTS activity of U g−1. Immobilization yield was 80 %, based on...

The present work reports the development and application of an amperometric biosensor based on carbon paste electrode modified with laccase enzyme, glutaraldehyde, gold nanoparticles (Lac-Glu-AuNPs/CPE) for determination neurotransmitter dopamine (DA). materials were characterized morphologically chemically using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission (TEM), cyclic voltammetry. Optimi...

The effects of dorsal root stimulation and of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on the basal release of 9 endogenous amino acids, including glutamate (Glu) and aspartate (Asp), have been investigated using the rat spinal cord slice-dorsal root ganglion preparation and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. High-intensit...

Objective(s): Many studies have focused on ventral tegmental area than of other mesocorticolimbic areas, and implicated a key role for the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in the development of addictive behaviors. So far, the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the discriminative properties of morphine has received little attention and few studies evaluated the role of these rec...

The Kerguelen archipelago, isolated in the Southern Ocean, shelters a blue mussel Mytilus metapopulation far from any influence of continental populations or any known hybrid zone. The finely carved coast leads to a highly heterogeneous habitat. We investigated the impact of the environment on the genetic structure in those Kerguelen blue mussels by relating allele frequencies to habitat descri...

BACKGROUND Oxidatively generated damage to DNA has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases. The noninvasive assessment of such damage, i.e., in urine, and application to large-scale human studies are vital to understanding this role and devising intervention strategies. METHODS We have reviewed the literature to establish the status quo with regard to the methods and...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Iron-catalyzed radical generation is a potentially significant mechanism by which extensive tissue acidosis exacerbates brain injury during ischemia/reperfusion. We hypothesized that levels of low-molecular-weight (LMW) iron increase during in vivo global cerebral ischemia in a pH-dependent manner, potentially catalyzing oxidant injury. The present study quantified region...