BACKGROUND Most sub-Saharan African countries struggle to make safe surgery accessible to rural populations due to a shortage of qualified surgeons and the unlikelihood of retaining them in district hospitals. In 2002, Zambia introduced a new cadre of non-physician clinicians (NPCs), medical licentiates (MLs), trained initially to the level of a higher diploma and from 2013 up to a BSc degree. ...

South Africa made a decision in 2002 to develop so-called mid-level medical workers, now known as clinical associates. This article describes the background to this decision, and the national process of developing the profession and its scope of practice, which was aligned with the needs of the health service, particularly those of rural district hospitals. A common national curriculum was then...

BACKGROUND Much has been written about the patient-centred approach in doctor-patient consultations. Little is known about interactions and communication processes regarding healthcare providers' and patients' perspectives on expectations and experiences of diagnostic imaging investigations within the medical encounter. Patients journey through the health system from the point of referral to th...

The German Research Network On Schizophrenia (GRNS) is a nationwide network currently comprising 16 psychiatric university departments and 14 state and district hospitals, as well as six local networks of psychiatric practices and general practitioners collaborating on about 25 interrelated, multicenter projects on schizophrenia research. The GRNS aims to intensify collaboration and knowledge e...

In order to firmly establish and expand home care in communities, it is important to build systems taking regional characteristics into account in which the family physician trusted by the patient plays the leading role and affiliations with district medical associations and the municipality form the base. At the same time, prefectural medical associations should utilize the unique features of ...

Background: According to the heavy traffic in Tehran, a high amount of 1, 3-Butadiene (BD) this city is highly expected. This study estimated lifetime cancer risk (LCR) attributable BD District 9 Tehran Municipality and simulation its releasing way. Methods: research an applied that was conducted form field research. Cancer assessment carried out based on United States Environmental Protection ...

This paper presents the main results of a research on the risks incurred by the Metropolitan District of Quito considering the people’s mobility and areas accessibility issues. This analysis relies on a methodology implemented within the framework of a programme called “Information System and risks within the Metropolitan District of Quito” carried out by the French Development Research Institu...