We propose Direct Position Estimation (DPE) utilizing non-line-of-sight (NLOS) GPS signals for urban navigation. In urban environments, buildings reflect GPS signals, leading to reception of NLOS GPS signals. In addition, buildings obstruct GPS signals, resulting in reduced GPS signal availability. We treat NLOS GPS signals as additional line-of-sight (LOS) GPS signals to virtual satellites at ...

Applications of unmanned vehicles can increase combat effectiveness and personnel safety. These include reconnaissance, surveillance, target acquisition, logistics, minefield and other obstacle detection, explosive disposal, physical security, and operations in contaminated environments. Better communication and GPS technologies are necessary for a convoy of unmanned vehicles to accurately foll...

the humoral immunization potential of panax ginseng polysaccharide (gps) against h9n2 avian influenza virus (h9n2 aiv) in chickens was investigated. the effects of gps treatment before and during h9n2 aiv infection were determined in chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) by mtt (3(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 3-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assays and quantitative rt-pcr analysis of mhc and cytokine...

Route taken and distance travelled are important parameters for studies of animal locomotion. They are often measured using a collar equipped with GPS. Collar weight restrictions limit battery size, which leads to a compromise between collar operating life and GPS fix rate. In studies that rely on linear interpolation between intermittent GPS fixes, path tortuosity will often lead to inaccurate...

OBJECTIVES (1) To explain general practitioners' (GPs') approaches to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and overdiagnosis; (2) to explain how GPs reason about their PSA testing routines and (3) to explain how these routines influence GPs' personal experience as clinicians. SETTING Primary care practices in Australia including men's health clinics and rural practices with variable access...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate a hospital-based psychiatric consultation service for patients referred by general practitioners (GPs), and the effect on its use of a focused marketing strategy aimed at GPs. DESIGN AND SETTING Postal survey of GPs in the catchment area (inner north Brisbane, Queensland), September to November 2003; and assessment of referrals, March to August 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASU...

AIMS To (i) compare the views of general practitioners (GPs) and parents about the causes, consequences and management of childhood overweight/obesity; and (ii) explore the extent to which they can identify overweight/obesity in children. METHODS A questionnaire was mailed to all GPs in one Primary Care Trust and all parents in one primary school in southern England, 2008. Information was gat...