In this paper by use of mathematical modeling of an observer [14,15] the notion of relative information functional for relative dynamical systemson compact metric spaces is presented. We extract the information function ofan ergodic dynamical system (X,T) from the relative information of T fromthe view point of observer χX, where X denotes the base space of the system.We also generalize the in...

Based on the definition of the relative clause from Song (2001), this paper examines the relative clause in the Hui’an dialect from four parameters: (a) the relativization marker used; (b) the position of the head noun relative to the restricting clause; (c) the role and encoding of the head noun in the restricting clause; and (d) the role and encoding of the head noun in the main clause. The H...

It has been noted that examples with extractions out of relative clauses have attested in Danish, Norwegian and Swedish are judged to be unacceptable Icelandic Faroese. We hypothesize this may reflect whether or not speakers tend prepose unstressed object pronouns as a way establishing coherent discourse. In article we investigate what extent pronoun preposing is used Swedish, Faroese there any...

This paper investigates three linguistic features—wawation, the 1CS genitive clitic pronoun, and relative pronoun—that are shared between ancient epigraphic forms of Arabic modern dialects, to exclusion Classical Arabic. I suggest that these features represent earliest layer dialects.

This paper investigates the development of relative clauses in the speech of one German-speaking child aged 2;0 to 5;0. The earliest relative clauses we found in the data occur in topicalization constructions that are only a little different from simple sentences: they contain a single proposition, express the actor prior to other participants, assert new information and often occur with main-c...

It is a standard assumption that subordinate clauses like relative, embedded declarative, and interrogative clauses in natural language vary according to their morphosyntactic and semantic characteristics. Their morphosyntactic variation is expressed in the presence/absence of a wh-word, a relative pronoun, or an overt complementizer; syntactic transparency (embedded declaratives) or opacity (e...