during the medieval iranian history, many of courtiers were aware of medicine. by the thirteenth and fourteenth century, under mongol yoke, a lot of minorities emancipated of abasid caliphate ties and could perform his religious deed. because of his jewish affiliation, rashid al-dincould join as an apothecary in the mongolian circles. large though mongol numbers were, they employed iranian sage...

This article discusses the relationships between three Abrahamic faith communities (Jews, Christians and Muslims) of Damascus during late 7th A.H./13th A.D. century, employing a textual research study, through collation critical review range reference sources; historical contemporaneous observations, personal narratives accounts. Preliminary results attest to generally congenial co-existence re...

This paper attempts to highlight the will power and wisdom of Hazrat Umar(R.A) in solving problems he faced his life. It highlights that how sought guidance from Quranic verses on different occasions settle during caliphate. On one hand this illustrates intelligence other it invites us see Holy Quran daily life affairs. The rationale present research is researcher felt a dire need follow footst...

This research is encouraged by the emergence of social friction due to different perspectives on religious issues in Indonesia. Some people clash religion with cultural rituals such as sedekah laut. At same time, others reject leaders from religions and even desire change ideology into a caliphate system. Therefore, it necessary have moderate attitude towards create peaceful harmonious life. co...

Humanity's activities cause the destruction that occurs in world as a caliphate, stated Surah Ar-Rum (30), verse 41 of Quran. One products might harm ecosystem is waste. Various countries, including Indonesian Government, have competed with numerous initiatives and policies to save environmental sustainability. The author this study provided training on how conserve environment by processing tr...