It is common for general physicians to experience diagnostic doubt and trepidation whenever faced with patients who exhibit abnormal nocturnal behaviours or excessive movements at night. There is also a perception that expensive and often poorly available overnight tests are usually required for diagnostic precision. In fact, the majority of conditions, whether they be parasomnias or, more rare...

BACKGROUND One of the most devastating consequences of methamphetamine abuse is increased risk of psychosis. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor has been implicated in both psychosis and neuronal responses to methamphetamine. We therefore examined persistent psychosis-like behavioral effects of methamphetamine in brain-derived neurotrophic factor heterozygous mice. METHODS Mice were chronically...

Abstract Background Abnormal eye movements are common in spinocerebellar ataxias Type 3 (SCA3). We conducted the research to explore frequency of abnormal Chinese patients with SCA3, compare demographic and clinical characteristics between SCA3 without each type movement, correlation severity ataxia. Methods Seventy-four were enrolled this cross-sectional study. Six types including impaired smo...

Using time-lapse imaging, we have identified a series of bottlenecks that restrict growth of early-passage human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and that are relieved by karyotypically abnormal variants that are selected by prolonged culture. Only a minority of karyotypically normal cells divided after plating, and these were mainly cells in the later stages of cell cycle at the time of plating. F...

TAKE HOME MESSAGES 1. Movement disorders involve the basal ganglia and associated structures, often affecting the globus pallidus (the output target of the striatum) 2. Abnormal involuntary movements are classified as hypokinetic or hyperkinetic, and are subclassified byspeed, duration and whether or not they are rhythmic. 3. Parkinsonism is characterized by the presence of at least 2 of the 4 ...

Echocardiography of the mitral valve in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy has revealed an abnormal pattern of movement. The abnormality is characteristic, readily recognized, and can be explained in anatomical and physiological terms. It consists of a sharp reopening of the valve during systole when it should normally remain in the fully closed position. This abnormal moveme...

We studied 50 consecutive patients presenting at an accident department after rear-end vehicle collisions and recorded symptoms and psychological test scores within one week of injury, at three months and at two years. The range of neck movement was noted at three months. Within one week of injury, psychological test scores were normal in 82% of the group but became abnormal in 81% of the patie...

Work over the past 2 decades has led to substantial changes in our understanding of dystonia pathophysiology. Three general abnormalities appear to underlie the pathophysiological substrate. The first is a loss of inhibition. This makes sense considering that it may be responsible for the excess of movement and for the overflow phenomena seen in dystonia. A second abnormality is sensory dysfunc...

BACKGROUND Impaired cognition is one of the most common core symptoms of depressive disorder. Eye movement testing mainly reflects patients' cognitive functions, such as cognition, memory, attention, recognition, and recall. This type of testing has great potential to improve theories related to cognitive functioning in depressive episodes as well as potential in its clinical application. AIM...

Nine adult patients with large pericardial effusions (PE) demonstrated echocardiographic motion abnormalites of cardiac valves in systole. In four cases (Group 1), the abnormal findings consisted of prominent systolic anterior movements of the mitral valve resembling those seen in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. In Group 2(five cases), typical mitral valve prolapse patterns with lar...