In contrast to earlier reported results of similar experiments in peas, in which almost no increase in protease activity occurred in incubated detached cotyledons, we report here an increase in protease activity in both attached and detached bean cotyledons. Detached bean cotyledons showed continually increasing protease activity up to the 12th day, while that in attached cotyledons declined af...

Abbreviations: 2,4-D: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ABA: abscisic acid ABI3: ABI gene family member 3 ANP1: Arabidopsis NPK1-like protein kinase AP: ascorbate peroxidase AOX: alternative oxidase DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid Fe-EDTA: ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid M: molar concentration MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase NO: Nitric oxide PGRs: plant growth regulators ROS: reactive oxy...

There is considerable circumstantial evidence that the Ca(2+)-mobilizing second messenger IP(3) is involved in plant responses to the drought hormone abscisic acid. More direct evidence for this has now come from studies in which endogenous IP(3) levels have been manipulated in plants.

Plant hormones modulate plant growth, development, and defense. However, many aspects of the origin and evolution of plant hormone signaling pathways remain obscure. Here, we use a comparative genomic and phylogenetic approach to investigate the origin and evolution of nine major plant hormone (abscisic acid, auxin, brassinosteroid, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin, jasmonate, salicylic acid, a...

Abiotic stress is one of the major environmental stresses that decrease crop growth and yield even in irrigated soils worldwide. An important plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a vital role addressing various stresses, such as thermal or heat stress, high salinity level, heavy metal low temperature, drought, on radiation. Its well explained different processes for development, including ge...

Two independent research labs have developed fluorescent biosensors to report the levels of the stress hormone, abscisic acid, within cells in living plants in real-time.

Gibberellin A(1) (GA(1)), 3-epi-GA(1), GA(4), GA(9), 11alpha-hydroxyGA(12), 12alpha-hydroxyGA(12), GA(15), GA(17), GA(19), GA(20), GA(25), GA(37), GA(40), GA(58), GA(69), GA(70), and GA(71) have been identified from Kovats retention indices and full scan mass spectra by capillary GC-MS analyses of purified extracts from sporophytes of the tree fern, Cibotium glaucum. Abscisic acid, dihydrophase...

AP2/ERF-type transcription factors regulate important functions of plant growth and development as well as responses to environmental stimuli. A rice AP2/ERF transcription factor, OsEREBP1 is a downstream component of a signal transduction pathway in a specific interaction between rice (Oryza sativa) and its bacterial pathogen, Xoo (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae). Constitutive expression of OsE...