Infrared spectroscopy is study of the interaction of radiation with molecular vibrations which can be used for a wide range of sample types either in bulk or in microscopic amounts over a wide range of temperatures and physical states. As was discussed in the previous chapters, an infrared spectrum is commonly obtained by passing infrared radiation through a sample and determining what fraction...

The pharmacokinetic approach used for the BE assessment of systemically absorbed drugs is not considered appropriate to study the bioavailability (BA) and/or BE of topically applied drugs other than dosage forms such as transdermal patches and other products intended for local application which contain drugs intended for the systemic circulation. Apart from the analytical difficulty of measurin...

This study presents the application of a Light Use Efficiency model that exploits MODIS satellite data to assess rice yield in Italy. Field experimental data acquired in 2003 and 2004 were used to define model’s parameters (Radiation Use Efficiency and Harvest Index) and to calibrate the relation between MODIS-EVI and the fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fAPAR). Satelli...

animals that breed in ground holes can be exposed to higher doses of radiation from natural radioactive isotopes, including radon and its daughters, present in soil air. one of such species is the sand martin riparia riparia. examination of natural burrows in sand mines revealed radon levels of 2.82-1320 bq/m3 in the examined soil horizon where martins dug their burrows. it was shown that adult...

background: changes in body composition may be used for monitoring progression/ regression of a disease. prompt γ-rays in vivo neutron activation analysis (ivnaa) has been widely used for the measurement of body composition in recent years. objective: in this paper, we tried to improve the safety of ivnaa operator. methods: the most important factor for reducing the operator receiving dose is t...

Virtually all massive galaxies, including our own, host central black holes ranging in mass from millions to billions of solar masses. The growth of these black holes releases vast amounts of energy that powers quasars and other weaker active galactic nuclei. A tiny fraction of this energy, if absorbed by the host galaxy, could halt star formation by heating and ejecting ambient gas. A central ...

(c) regenerating liver48hoursafterresection of two-thirds of the organ, (d) Walker carcinoma and Yoshida sarcoma, both in solid form (10—@0 days after inoculation) and as ascites tumors (3—fl days after inoculation). Inorganic radioactive phosphate (Na@HP3@O4, specific activity above 1 mc/j@g P) is measurably taken up by the explants. Incorporation is in hibited by monoiodic acetic acid and...

Dosimetry for targeted radionuclide therapy is a relatively young field. Although initial work can be traced back to the late 1940s (1), the MIRD Committee formalism that forms the foundation for most current approaches was published in the mid 1970s (2), and the drive for improved dosimetry to meet the requirements of targeted radionuclide therapy did not begin until the 1980s. During this per...

Spectroscopic, photochemical and biological properties of indocyanine green (ICG) are presented. Light over 800 nm is effectively absorbed by ICG. This property as well as photochemical behaviour of ICG make it a very suitable dye for photodynamic treatment of melanoma cells. Cytotoxicity of ICG itself and the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) were evaluated by following the growth of human ...