the TGN and ligand delivery to lysosomes. Deficiencies in both MPRs, or in addition of the mannose 6-phosphate tag, result in massive secretion of lysosome enzyme precursors into the extracellular milieu. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an analogous receptor-mediated pathway transports soluble hy-Los Angeles, California 90095 drolases to the lysosome-like vacuole, although sorting recept...

BACKGROUND The epicardial location of an arrhythmia could be responsible for unsuccessful endocardial catheter ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS In 48 patients referred after prior unsuccessful endocardial ablation, we considered percutaneous, subxiphoid instrumentation of the pericardial space for mapping and ablation. Thirty patients had ventricular tachycardia (VT), 6 patients had a right- and...

accessory fibers may be quite variable. The unusual responses to electrical stimulation in these patients included: 1) failure to depolarize the His bundle from the site of ventricular pre-excitation; 2) supraventricular tachycardia with two types of re-entry; 3) anterograde block in the accessory pathway with intact retrograde conduction; and 4) retrograde delay or block in the accessory pathw...

Catheter-induced conduction delay or block in the accessory atrioventricular pathway of four patients with the preexcitation syndrome was observed. Block in the accessory pathway occurred during routine catheter placement and lasted from 90 seconds--14 hours. All of the pathways were in locations readily accessible to catheter trauma, located in the right anterior septal/paraseptal area in thre...

During the past 28 months, 16 cases of WPW syndrome were operated on at Hiroshima University Hospital. Two cases were complicated by other cardiac disorders which accelerated tachycardia, making diagnosis difficult. One of these cases showed serious mitral regurgitation, due to infective endocarditis and the patient suffered cardiac failure accompanied by paroxysmal tachycardia not responsive t...

By definition, accessory atrioventricular pathways are aberrant muscle bundles that connect the atrium to a ventricle outside of the regular atrioventricular conduction system. Clinically, they may manifest as substrates for ventricular preexcitation. The first accessory pathway in a patient who suffered from Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome was described in 1943 by Wood, Wolferth, and Geckler.1 ...

By definition, accessory atrioventricular pathways are aberrant muscle bundles that connect the atrium to a ventricle outside of the regular atrioventricular conduction system. Clinically, they may manifest as substrates for ventricular preexcitation. The first accessory pathway in a patient who suffered from Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome was described in 1943 by Wood, Wolferth, and Geckler.1 ...

AP-2 complexes are key components in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). They trigger clathrin assembly, interact directly with cargo molecules, and recruit a number of endocytic accessory factors. Adaptor-associated kinase (AAK1), an AP-2 binding partner, modulates AP-2 function by phosphorylating its mu2 subunit. Here, we examined the effects of adenoviral-mediated overexpression of WT AAK1,...

To study the pathway of tachycardia in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome and reciprocal tachycardias, results from intracavitary recordings and atrial and ventricular stimulation were reviewed in 71 patients with the WPW syndrome and 54 patients without pre-excitation. In all patients a reproducible tachycardia could be initated and terminated by appropriately timed electri...

In case of the first possibility (AVRT), an accessory pathway is responsible for the retrograde limb of the tachycardia circuit (there is no evidence for anterograde conduction over the accessory pathway on the ECG in sinus rhythm, as show in Fig. 1b of the question). Therefore a ‘concealed’ accessory pathwaymust be present. Anterograde conduction occurs over a dual AV nodal pathway (Fig. 2, up...