Abū ‘Alī ibn Sīnā (d. 428/1027) is regarded as the most influential philosopher in Islamic intellectual history. Of his numerous contributions, none has garnered more attention than ontological proof for existence of God, known ‘the Demonstration Truthful’ (Burhān al-ṣiddiqīn). In this proof, Ibn argues that only one being can be ‘necessarily existent’ (wājib al-wujūd). He goes on to say all at...

Abstract The idea that ethics might be fruitfully understood in analogy with, or indeed as a form of, medicine has enjoyed long and distinguished history. A staple of ancient philosophical thinking, it also achieved wide expression the Islamic world. This essay explores role medical work eleventh-century Muslim intellectual Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī. Al-Ghazālī’s use this offers unique vantage point...

Abstract Divine sovereignty ( ḥākimiyya )—as conceived by Abū al-A‘lā Mawdūdī (1903–79) and popularised Sayyid Quṭb (1906–66) - has been a central component of Islamist thought. This article investigates the reception concept within Shi‘i Islam. As case studies, choses two prominent actors in formative period Islamism Iraq: Muḥammad Bāqir al-Ṣadr (1935–80) Taqī al-Mudarrisī (b. 1945). By discus...