The earth pressure coefficient (K) determines the nature of (tendency of) deformation granular mass during flow or deposition. When velocity is increasing, K takes its active state Kact and divergent. decreasing, passive Kpas convergent. mathematical relations presented here their 2-D 3-D plots highlight that coefficients strongly depend on internal angle (δ) basal (ϕ) frictions. relation for d...

The eighth “From Atom to Earth” symposium on high-pressure science and earth was held at the Key Laboratory of High-temperature High-pressure Study Earth’s Interior, Institute Geochemistry, Chinese Academy Sciences (IGCAS), People’s Republic China, from 2 5 July 2021 [...]

The number of studies on extremophilic organisms has grown exponentially in the last few years. These exotic organisms (extremoplilees) are adapted to living at 100 c. In volcanic springs, at low temperatures in the cold polar seas, at high pressure in the deep sea, at very low and high ph values (ph 0-1 or ph 10-11) or at hight salt concentration (35%). Recent developments clearly show that ce...

Earth pressure balance tunnel boring machines (EPB-TBMs) are favorably applied in urban tunneling projects. Despite their numerous advantages, considerable delays and high maintenance cost are the main disadvantages these machines suffer from. Reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) analysis is a practical technique that uses failure and repair dataset obtained over a reasonable ti...

things. There was no flora, no fauna; the Earth was completely barren of life. Instead of having an atmosphere rich in nitrogen and oxygen as it is today, the atmosphere on primitive Earth was composed primarily of methane, ammonia, hydrogen gas and water vapor. The lack of a protective ozone layer resulted inhigh exposure to UV light and radiation. Earth was also extremely volcanically active ...