The alveolar epithelium secretes cytokines and chemokines that recruit immune cells to the lungs, which is essential for fighting infections but in excess can promote lung injury. Overexpression of FXYD5, a tissue-specific regulator of the Na,K-ATPase, in mice, impairs the alveolo-epithelial barrier, and FXYD5 overexpression in renal cells increases C-C chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2) secretion in re...

This study was performed to examine the role of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). C57BL/6 mice were divided into six experimental groups: 1) control group; 2) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group; 3) lung protective ventilation (LPV) group; 4) VILI group; 5) VILI with cystamine, a TG2 inhibitor, pretreatment (Cyst+VILI) group; and 6) LPV with cystamine pretreatment (C...

OBJECTIVE Transfusion-related acute lung injury is the leading cause of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality. Clinical data on the pathogenesis of transfusion-related acute lung injury are sparse. The objective of the present study was to determine inflammation and coagulation pathways involved in the onset of transfusion-related acute lung injury. DESIGN Nested case-control study. S...

Acute lung injury is a syndrome including acute and persistent lung inflammation with augmented vascular permeability (1). Sepsis is the most common reason for acute lung injury (2,3). The overall mortality rate of acute lung injury has been reported as 25 – 58%, although recent advances in the management of sepsis have been revealed (4,5). Many studies have pointed out the role of antiinflamma...

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a critical event in the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS). The lungs are some of the most vulnerable organs that are impacted by intestinal I/R. The aim of this study is to investigate whether ginsenoside Rb1 can ameliorate remote lung injury induced by intestinal I/R. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four group...

Accumulating evidence has shown that the lung is one of the target organs for microangiopathy in patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetes is associated with physiological and structural abnormalities in the diabetic lung concurrent with attenuated lung function. Despite intensive investigations in recent years, the pathogenic mechanisms of diabetic lung injury rema...

Acute lung injury in rodents (mice, rats) can be induced by intrapulmonary deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig)G immune complexes, which trigger an intense inflammatory response characterised by the influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), interstitial and alveolar oedema, and intra-alveolar haemorrhage [3]. This model of acute inflammation has been extensively evaluated in order to understa...

Current Opinion in Critical Care 2008, 14:11–15 Purpose of review The mechanisms of epithelial injury in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome have been of interest since the syndrome was first described. Cell therapies to replace injured epithelium are a futuristic dream; however, there is ongoing research to achieve this goal. We review research regarding the function of the e...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening lung injury characterized by rapid onset of widespread inflammation in the lungs. Multiple risk factors, including pneumonia, non-pulmonary sepsis, aspiration gastric contents or inhalation injury, have been reported, to cause ARDS. We present case healthy young woman her first trimester with vaping-induced who presented spontaneo...

OBJECTIVE Studies describing predictors of mortality in patients with acute lung injury were primarily derived from selected academic centers. We sought to determine the predictors of mortality in a population-based cohort of patients with acute lung injury and to characterize the performance of current severity of illness scores in this population. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a prospective,...