Acute renal failure (ARF) is defined as an abrupt decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as evidenced by rising serum levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is the most common cause of ARF. ATN is an acute decline in glomerular filtration as a result of damage to the tubules in the kidney. Sepsis is the most common aetiology of ATN, causing ARF in 20–25% ...

A cute renal failure (ARF), classically defined as an abrupt decrease in kidney function that leads to accumulation of nitrogenous wastes such as blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, is a common clinical problem with increasing incidence, serious consequences, unsatisfactory therapeutic options, and an enormous financial burden to society (1–5). ARF may be classified as prerenal (functional resp...

BACKGROUND Studies on the role of loop diuretics in patients with acute renal failure (ARF) are largely retrospective, anecdotal, and poorly controlled. We report the results of a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study examining the effect of loop diuretics on renal recovery, dialysis, and death in patients with ARF. METHODS Ninety-two patients with ARF were enrolled ...

renal ischemia-reperfusion (ir) contributes to the development of acute renal failure (arf). oxygen free radicals are considered to be principal components involved in the pathophysiological tissue alterations observed during renal ir. the purpose of this study was to investigate the combination effect of melatonin (mel) and erythropoietin (epo), which are a potent antioxidant and anti-apoptoti...

It is well known that iodinated radiographic contrast media may cause kidney dysfunction, particularly in patients with preexisting renal impairment associated with diabetes. This dysfunction, when severe, will cause acute renal failure (ARF). We may define contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) as ARF occurring within 24-72 hrs after the intravascular injection of iodinated radiographic co...

We previously have shown that chronic sodium chloride (NaCl) loading protects against HgCl2-induced acute renal failure (ARF) in dogs. To determine whether NaCl loading protects against an ischemic model of ARF, unilateral oliguric renal failure was produced by the infusion of norepinephrine (NE) into the renal artery of both saline-expanded (SE) and water-drinking (WD) dogs (n = 7). The renal...

Patients with acute renal failure (ARF) experience a high mortality rate. Dysregulated inflammation and altered metabolism may increase oxidative stress in ARF patients. Thirty-eight patients who met the Program to Improve Care in Acute Renal Disease (PICARD) Study inclusion criteria underwent plasma protein oxidation and plasma cytokine measurements. For comparison, similar measurements were a...

1Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. Received: 17/07/02; accepted: 16/03/03 ABSTRACT Despite advances in health care, morbidity and mortality associated with acute renal failure (ARF) remain high. This study determined the frequency and etiology of ARF in hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia over 2 years. Of the 150 case...

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common event in critical patients usually taking place in a multiorganic failure context. This disorder implies a great clinical challenge. ARF could be defined as a sudden deterioration of the renal function that results in a loss of electrolyte, acid-base and fluid balance control, with subsequent accumulation of nitrogen wastes. Although ARF can appear in a wid...

BACKGROUND New surgical techniques for nephrectomy mainly related to early diagnosis made possible by advances in imaging studies have been developed in recent decades. However, postoperative renal dysfunction is a constant concern because of the major problems faced by healthcare services and by the patients themselves. To assess risk factors for developing acute renal failure (ARF) in patient...