corruption defined as abuse of power by governmental officials for personal goals.in recent years, many articles about determinants of corruption have been written that introduced so many variables as determinants of corruption. these factors can be divided into two categories: economic and non-economic factors.in these article we examine the effect of economic activities combination on corrupt...

With the control mode of value-added network services equipment changing from bypass intervention to serial control, in order to minimize the security problems which are caused by the failure of the network equipment, this paper proposes a stable, fast and intelligent network bypass protection system combined with the ARM embedded system—Linux platform. In practical application, the system can ...

Contrary to the assumption that web browsers are designed to support the user, an examination of a 900,000 distinct PCs shows that web browsers comprise a complex ecosystem with millions of addons collaborating and competing with each other. It is possible for addons to "sneak in" through third party installations or to get "kicked out" by their competitors without user involvement. This study ...

At 60GHz, it becomes difficult to achieve a high power added efficiency (PAE) and large output power for CMOS power amplifier (PA). A parallel class-A and AB pseudo Doherty PA is designed in CMOS 65 nm process to obtain a high PAE and large output power. The PA achieves a 9.8-dB gain at 60GHz. The measured large signal results show that a maximum power added efficiency (PAE) of 14.3% and 12.0% ...

This paper presents the design of a Class A/B power amplifier (PA) for 2.4-2.4835GHz Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) system in 0.18μm CMOS technology. The PA adopts the single-stage differential structure and the output power of the PA can be controlled by switching the sizes of transistors. Seven different level of output power can be obtained through a three-bit control code. The tested results...

Described are the design procedure and measured performance of a PA targeted for the W-CDMA downlink band exhibiting over 84% PAE at 2.14 GHz. The PA is designed with an uncharacterised GaN HEMT. A measurement-based design approach is used to optimise the source and load impedance at the fundamental frequency with classF harmonic terminations enforced. S-parameters extracted from a full-wave EM...

The thermal stability and reliability of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) on Si substrates with a 2 μm-thick copper interconnection (Cu-INTC) metal were evaluated. The use of metallic copper as a conducting metal has the advantages of higher thermal conductivity, low cost and low sheet resistance. For comparison, traditional gold metal interconnection (Au-INTC) devices were ...

BACKGROUND The contact phase of coagulation is of physiologic/pathophysiologic importance, whenever unphysiologic polynegative substances such as cell fragments (microparticles) get in contact with blood. There are several clinically used inhibitors of intrinsic thrombin generation. Here the inhibitory concentrations 50% (IC50) of these anticoagulants are measured by the highly specific thrombi...

 ABSTRACT Background: Dietary antioxidant intake has been reported to be inversely associated with coronary miery disease. To clarify the possible role oflipophilic antioxidants in the prevention of atherosclerosis, we investigated the effects ofubiquinol-1 0 and ~-carotene on the susceptibility oflow-density lipoprotein(LD L) to oxidative modification. Methods: In this study, first "u...