[(14)C]CO(2) and [(14)C]organic compounds are formed when a mixture of [(14)C]CO and water vapor diluted in [(12)C]CO(2) or N(2) is irradiated with ultraviolet light in the presence of soil or pulverized vycor substratum. The [(14)C]CO(2) is recoverable from the gas phase, the [(14)C]organic products from the substratum. Three organic products have been tentatively identified as formaldehyde, a...

The physical properties of substrata significantly influence benthic algal development. We explored the relationships among substratum surface texture and orientation with epilithic microphytobenthic biomass accumulation at the whole-substratum and micrometer scales. Unglazed clay tiles set at three orientations (horizontal, vertical, and 45 ), and six substrata of varying surface roughness wer...

The clonogenic (or colony forming) assay has been established for more than 50 years; the original paper describing the technique was published in 1956. Apart from documenting the method, the initial landmark study generated the first radiation-dose response curve for X-ray irradiated mammalian (HeLa) cells in culture. Basically, the clonogenic assay enables an assessment of the differences in ...

BACKGROUND Multiple cellular functions are compromised in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In familial ALS (FALS) with Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) mutations, the mechanisms by which the mutation in SOD1 leads to such a wide range of abnormalities remains elusive. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To investigate underlying cellular conditions caused by the SOD1 mutation, we explored mut...

Proteins involved in the attachment of murine embryo fibroblasts to polystyrene have been identified by a technique designed to iodinate only those macromolecules coming into closest apposition to the substratum. Lactoperoxidase (LPase) covalently bound to the surface of the culture flask labelled a subset of substratum-bound polypeptides with a 42,000 Mr species being most heavily labelled. Fi...

Cells must exert traction forces onto the substratum for continuous migration. Molecular dynamics such as actin polymerization at the front of the cell and myosin II accumulation at the rear should play important roles in the exertion of forces required for migration. Therefore, it is important to reveal the relationships between the traction forces and molecular dynamics. Traction forces can b...

Primary cultures of rat mammary epithelial cells proliferate and synthesize basement membrane collagen (type IV collagen) in a serum-free medium supplemented with epidermal growth factor (EGF), hydrocortisone or dexamethasone, insulin, transferrin, and Pedersen fetuin. The growth response of the cells to EGF and glucocorticoids but not to insulin or transferrin varies depending on the substratu...

The motion of amoeboid cells is characterized by cytoplasmic streaming and by membrane protrusions and retractions which occur even in the absence of interactions with a substratum. Cell translocation requires, in addition, a transmission mechanism wherein the power produced by the cytoplasmic engine is applied to the substratum in a highly controlled fashion through specific adhesion proteins....