A 4-yr on-farm study was conducted in the Philippines between 2006 and 2009 to determine if there are any long-term impacts of Bt corn on the arthropod community on commercial farms and in adjacent riparian areas. Arthropod counts were gathered by visual inspection of corn plants in three pairs of commercial farms and by sweep sampling in riparian sites close by. Sampling showed that species c...

In a drawing of a graph, two edges form an odd pair if they cross each other an odd number of times. A pair of edges is independent if they share no endpoint. For a graph G, let ocr(G) be the smallest number of odd pairs in a drawing of G and let iocr(G) be the smallest number of independent odd pairs in a drawing of G. We construct a graph G with iocr(G) < ocr(G), answering a question by Széke...

We give a description of the minimal primes of the ideal generated by the 2×2 adjacent minors of a generic matrix. We also compute the complete prime decomposition of the ideal of adjacent m×m minors of an m×n generic matrix when the characteristic of the ground field is zero. A key intermediate result is the proof that the ideals which appear as minimal primes are, in fact, prime ideals. This ...

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to: 1. Understand the forces that predispose adjacent cervical segments to degeneration. 2. Understand the challenges of radiographic evaluation in the diagnosis of cervical and lumbar adjacent segment disease. 3. Describe the changes in biomechanical forces applied to adjacent segments of lumbar vertebrae wit...

Adjacent segment disease (ASD) is defined as degeneration that develops at mobile segments above or below a fused spinal segment and usually develops after spinal fusion or other back surgeries. Nearly 5 decades ago, the medical findings related to ASD were usually released in case reports as a relatively unusual complication of lumbar or lumbosacral fusions. Since the initial reports, ASD has ...

Process outgrowth and peripheral field innervation by an identified mechanosensory neuron were examined in the intact embryonic leech. The dorsal pressure-sensitive (PD) neurons of the leech CNS are found as bilateral pairs in every segmental ganglion, and are amenable to study at early ages in intact embryos. Each PD has one major axonal projection that putatively pioneers the nerve to the dor...

Gradient Blending method is used to crosscorrelate the different images by varying the intensity. Content-aware image resizing technique allows to obtain the visual content of the images by enriching the salient information in different aspect of ratio. Seam carving is a simple image operator that can change the size of an image either by carving out or by inserting pixel in different part of t...

Mechanisms underlying the emergence and plasticity of representational discontinuities in the mammalian primary somatosensory cortical representation of the hand are investigated in a computational model. The model consists of an input lattice organized as a three-digit hand forward-connected to a lattice of cortical columns each of which contains a paired excitatory and inhibitory cell. Excita...