To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this paper available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S.

the purpose of this study barriers and challenges to the development of swimming in iran sports university has focuses on mental and physical health between students and academics. thus the existence of justice is essential to increase its quality in this critical environment. this study investigates distributive and interactive justice in athletic departments' countries universities. popu...

Objective: In this research, we are going to analyze the content of articles published in “Journal of Public Administration” dependent to University of Tehran as a prominent journal in the field of public administration in Iran. Methods: The research method applied in this research is content analysis and the statistical population is 291 articles published in the Journal of Public Administrat...

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between perceived organizational justice and organizational commitment of physical education teachers in West Azerbaijan province. Methods: Research method is descriptive-correlation conducted using the field method. Statistical population includes physical education teachers in West Azerbaijan which are 1091 persons. The samp...

implementation of the right of defence in the modern administrative law is very important as widely recognized in the world's important legal systems. the object of this paper is to determine the conditions of this right and then, to compare its situation in european :union: and iran's legal system. the conditions of this right are hearing, access to file and knowledge of the reasons ...

It is claimed that social justice is firmly on the political agenda and is a major concern of numerous policy documents, think tanks and research units. However, ̳social justice‘ can be seen as a poorly defined ̳motherhood and apple pie‘ term. Virtually everyone is in favour of ̳social justice‘ but their interpretations of the term vary widely (there are many different varieties of apple!). We ...

In this article, we examine scholarly analyses of justice and develop a framework that can help assess the claims from parties in Russian state-led doping scandal, including, but not limited to, athletes, non-Russian World Anti-Doping Agency, sport governing bodies. The two key components are pluralism relationality/contextuality. We argue built upon these elements better captures nature justic...

empowerment employee is one of effective techniques to increase employee's productivity and efficient use of the capacity and capabilities of individual and group them in line with organizational goals. the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of ethical leadership with psychological empowerment with mediating of procedural justice and interactional justice.participants inc...

Looked at from a general science of law, the effective individualizing agency in the administration of justice is discretion .... Discretion is an authority conferred by law to act in certain conditions or situations in accordance with an official's or an official agency's own considered judgment and conscience .'

background and objectives: one of the latent and consequential factors of facilitation of organizational justice is staff members’ level of organizational commitment. the present study aimed at surveying the relationships between various dimensions of organizational justice with organizational commitment and job satisfaction of staff of a medical university. methods: 263 staff members were elig...