The newly established rat strain TGR(mREN2)27 is a monogenetic model in hypertension research. Microinjecting the mouse Ren-2d renin gene caused it to become a stable part of the genome. The rats are characterized by fulminant hypertension, low plasma active renin, suppressed kidney renin, high plasma inactive renin, and high extrarenal transgene expression, most prominently in the adrenal cort...

Prader-Willi syndrome (PW) is a rare genetic disorder with multi-organ system involvement. These patients present many perioperative challenges including sleep-related breathing disorders, morbid obesity, thick salivary secretions, mental retardation, and difficult intravenous access. PW has been suggested to be associated with central adrenal insufficiency. We report a novel case of persistent...

Glucocorticoids released from the adrenal gland in response to stress-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis induce activity in the cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) system. The redox system is a ubiquitous chemical mechanism allowing the transfer of electrons between donor/acceptors and target molecules during oxidative phosphorylation while simultaneously maint...

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression is limited to tissues of the central and peripheral nervous system. In the adrenal gland, NPY is found in a subset of cells of the adrenal medulla. Using in situ hybridization analysis, NPY mRNA expression was characterized during human fetal adrenal medullary development. We found a biphasic pattern of NPY mRNA expression during the development of the human adre...

Triple A Syndrome is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by central and peripheral nervous system disturbances, autonomic dysfunction, alacrima, achalasia, and ACTH-resistant adrenal insufficiency (1). It results from mutations in the AAAS gene located on 12q13 which encodes the WD-repeat protein ALADIN (2) (ALacrima Achalasia aDrenal Insufficiency Neurologic disorde...

normal adrenal biosynthetic pathway from pregnenolone to corticosterone is intact: (c) the biosynthesis of deoxycorticosterone to corticosterone from pregnenolone is at a reduced level as compared to the normal adrenal cell, indicating a reduced 1l/3-hydroxylase activity: and (d) (20S)-20-hydroxycholesterol can be converted to corticos terone, thus indicating a defect in the tumor system normal...