The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) receives dense noradrenergic projections from the locus coeruleus. Adrenergic innervation of mPFC pyramidal neurons plays an essential role in both physiology (control of memory formation, attention, working memory, and cognitive behavior) and pathophysiology (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, cognitive deterioration aft...

Kreiss, Christianna, Sandra Toegel, and Anthony J. Bauer. 2-Adrenergic regulation of NO production alters postoperative intestinal smooth muscle dysfunction in rodents. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 287: G658–G666, 2004; 10.1152/ajpgi.00526.2003.— 2-Adrenergic receptor activation plays an important role in the development of postoperative ileus. 2-Adrenergic receptors also regulate ni...

On most adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals, prejunctional α-adrenoceptors belonging to the α2-subtype have been identified. Activation of these receptors will decrease the release of norepinephrine. It has been reported that several isolated tissue preparations contain prejunctional dopamine receptors, the stimulation of which inhibits neurotransmission. It has remained uncertain whethe...

Scheiderer, Cary L., Lynn E. Dobrunz, and Lori L. McMahon. Novel form of long-term synaptic depression in rat hippocampus induced by activation of 1 adrenergic receptors. J Neurophysiol 91: 1071–1077, 2004. First published October 22, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00420.2003. Neurons located in the locus coeruleus project to hippocampus and provide noradrenergic innervation necessary for hippocampal-depende...

The chick pineal gland expresses a circadian rhythm of melatonin biosynthesis, with elevated levels at night and low levels during the day. The rhythm of melatonin is regulated both by circadian oscillators located within the gland itself and by adrenergic input from the sympathetic nervous system. Previous work has shown that norepinephrine administration inhibits melatonin biosynthesis, as me...

Phenylpropanolamine (dl-norephedrine) was one of the most widely used therapeutic agents to act on the sympathetic nervous system. Because of concerns regarding incidents of stroke, its use as a nasal decongestant was discontinued. Although considered an alpha1-adrenergic agonist, the vascular adrenergic pharmacology of phenylpropanolamine was not fully characterized. Unlike most other circulat...

The HIB 1B cell line, derived from a brown fat tumor of a transgenic mouse, is the first established brown adipocyte cell line capable of expressing the brown fat-specific mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP). UCP gene expression, which was virtually undetectable under basic conditions, was stimulated by acute catecholamine or cyclic AMP treatment to levels comparable to primary cultures of b...

alpha1-Adrenergic receptors mediate several biological effects of catecholamines, including the regulation of myocyte growth and contractility and transcriptional regulation of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) gene whose promoter contains an alpha1-adrenergic response element. The nuclear pathways and effectors that link receptor activation to genetic changes remain poorly understood. Here, ...