n engl j med 362;13 nejm.org april 1, 201

Advance care planning was historically considered to be simply the completion of a proxy (health care surrogate designation) or instruction (living will) directive that resulted from a conversation between a patient and his or her physician. We now know that advance care planning is a much more comprehensive and dynamic patient-centered process used by patients and families to strengthen relati...

A dvance directives indicate who a person would want to make treatment decisions on his or her behalf and what treatments a person would or would not want in various situations. 1,2 Completed by a person who can understand and appreciate the consequences of treatment decisions (i.e., when he or she is competent or capable), an advance directive is used at a time when the person has become incom...

Resource reservation in advance (ReRA) enables scheduling and allocation of resources at an early stage in time. This way, the availability of resources can actually be guaranteed for the point in time when the resources are needed. As opposed to that, current reservation protocols such as RSVP perform an "immediate" reservation without advance scheduling. They can therefore suffer shortage of ...

This paper considers the optimality of order aggregation in a single-item productioninventory problem with advance demand information and a restricted production capacity. The advance demand information is modeled by introducing a positive customer order lead time. The paper proves, when customer order lead times are less than a threshold value, it is allowed to aggregate the orders over time w...

Solar radiation induces both acute and chronic responses in the skin. Sun burn, sun tan, generation of reactive oxygen species and immunosuppression are acute responses. Wrinkles, lentigines, post-inflammatory pigmentation are chronic damages. According to one study done in Japan, it was found out that the annual ultraviolet dose received by people living in Kagoshima was 1.6 times higher than ...

Advance selling before the time of consumption is now possible for even very small service providers, given new technologies (specifically, web-based transactions, biometrics and smart card technology). Moreover, recent research has revealed that advance selling can substantially improve profits without traditional price discrimination. However, that research was limited to monopoly settings. T...

PURPOSE Advance directives are important planning and decision-making tools for individuals in nursing homes. DESIGN AND METHODS By using the nursing facility Minimum Data Set, we examined the prevalence of advance directives at admission and 12 months post-admission. RESULTS The prevalence of having any advance directive at admission declined slightly from 2000 to 2004, whereas the prevale...