Anaerobes can obtain the entire cell's ATP by glycolysis and remove resulting reducing power by fermentation. There is a delicate balance in redox status to obtain a maximal growth of these cells, and the conditions to change redox fluxes can induce kinds of changes in metabolism. The fundamental knowledge on sensing redox status and coupling redox signals with fermentation pathways is essentia...

Aflatoxins are highly carcinogenic, teratogenetic, and morbigenous secondary metabolites of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus that can contaminate multiple staple foods, such as peanut, maize, and tree nuts. In this study, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii was screened out and identified from fermented soy paste-one kind of traditional Chinese food-to detoxify aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) by aerobic solid st...

Dental biofilms are implicated in the formation of caries and periodontal disease. A major constituent of the supragingival biofilm is Streptococcus mutans, which produces lactic acid from sucrose fermentation, enhancing enamel demineralization and eventual caries development. Caries prevention through F inhibits enamel demineralization and promotes remineralization. Fluoride also exerts effect...

The study was conducted to screen high 1,2-propanediol produced by Lactobacillus buchneri strains, isolated from baled silages stored for 1 or 2 years, and evaluate their effects on fermentation quality aerobic stability of whole-plant corn silage. In total, 31 L. strains were alfalfa, oat silages. Based growth performance acetic acid production, two 9-2 10-1, alfalfa silage, further assessed i...

Metabolic engineering has developed microbial cell factories that can convert renewable carbon sources into biofuels. Current molecular biology tools can efficiently alter enzyme levels to redirect carbon fluxes toward biofuel production, but low product yield and titer in large bioreactors prevent the fulfillment of cheap biofuels. There are three major roadblocks preventing economical biofuel...

A strategy for sequential hydrocarbon bioremediation is proposed. The initial O(2)-requiring transformation is effected by aerobic resting cells, thus avoiding a high oxygen demand. The oxygenated metabolites can then be degraded even under anaerobic conditions when supplemented with a highly water-soluble alternative electron acceptor, such as nitrate. To develop the new strategy, some phenome...

Proteins induced by acid or base, during long-term aerobic or anaerobic growth in complex medium, were identified in Escherichia coli. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed pH-dependent induction of 18 proteins, nine of which were identified by N-terminal sequencing. At pH 9, tryptophan deaminase (TnaA) was induced to a high level, becoming one of the most abundant proteins observed. Tna...

1. Measurements were made of portal blood flow, heat production and oxygen consumption in the digestive tract of sheep either fasted or given the following diets: chopped, dried grass, pelleted, dried grass; chopped, dried lucerne; pelleted, dried lucerne, or a pelleted barley diet. 2. For sheep that had been fasted for 48 h, portal blood flow was 1.84 l/min, total visceral heat production was ...

The effect of carbon monoxide on the respiration of animal cells and aerobic bacteria (10), and on anaerobic butyric acid fermentation (6), has shown that the ferments which act as catalysts in these energy-yielding cellular processes are compounds of heavy metals: for carbon monoxide reacts at low temperatures only with heavy metals, and respiration as well as anaerobic butyric acid fermentati...

Sever hypoglycemia when blood glucose level <54 mg/dl is a grave condition and patients manifest with impaired cognitive function. Glucose the key energy source for brain. In normal physiological metabolized aerobically to produce in form of ATP after glycolysis. like starvation or any pathologically low level, brain depends on ketone bodies fulfill its requirement. cancer due Warburg effect...