Organic nitrates in both gas and condensed (aerosol) phases were measured during the Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Study from January to February in 2012. A high degree of correlation between total aerosol volume at diameters less than 500 nm and the particulate organic nitrate concentration indicates that organic nitrates are a consistent, if not dominant, fraction of fine aerosol mass. In contras...

Aerosol samples were collected by aircraft during the summer of 2004 in the Northeastern Pacific and compared to measurements of aerosol hygroscopicity. Chemical speciation analyses of the samples revealed that a significant portion of the marine aerosols was organic, and on average 8% of the total aerosol mass was insoluble organic material, tentatively attributed to natural marine emissions. ...

The majority of studies assessing aerosol effects on rainfall use coarse spatial scale (1° latitude/longitude or more) and multi-seasonal or decadal data sets. Here, we present results from a spatial correlation of aerosol size distribution and rain rate for selected stratiform and cumuliform precipitation events. The chemistry transport version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model was...

A weekly cycle in aerosol pollution and some meteorological quantities is observed over Europe. In the present study we exploit this effect to analyse aerosol-cloudradiation interactions. A weekly cycle is imposed on anthropogenic emissions in two general circulation models that include parameterizations of aerosol processes and cloud microphysics. It is found that the simulated weekly cycles i...

Particulate matter was measured during August and September of 2006 in Houston as part of the Texas Air Quality Study II Radical and Aerosol Measurement Project. Aerosol size and composition were determined using an Aerodyne quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer. Aerosol was dominated by sulfate (4.1 2.6 mg m 3) and organic material (5.5 4.0 mg m 3), with contributions of organic material from b...

The evolution of the global aerosol system from 1860 to 2100 is investigated through a transient atmosphere-ocean General Circulation Model climate simulation with interactively coupled atmospheric aerosol and oceanic biogeochemistry modules. The microphysical aerosol module HAM incorporates the major global aerosol cycles with 5 prognostic treatment of their composition, size-distribution, and...

Submicron ambient aerosol was characterized in summer 2005 at an urban background site in Zurich, Switzerland, during a three-week measurement campaign. Highly time-resolved samples of non-refractory aerosol components were analyzed with an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used for the first time for aerosol mass spectra to identify the main comp...

First results of a multiannual integration with the new global aerosol model system ECHAM4/MADE are presented. This model system enables simulations of the particle number concentration and size-distribution, which is a fundamental innovation compared to previous global model studies considering aerosol mass cycles only. The data calculated by the model provide detailed insights into the proper...

The acceptability and pharmacology of intermittent aerosol administration of amantadine was assessed in healthy volunteers. Amantadine solutions of 2.5, 1.5, or 1.0 g/100 ml were used for 12 30-min, twice-daily aerosol treatments in 15 subjects. Overall, the aerosol treatments were well tolerated. During and up to 1 h after aerosol exposures, nasal irritation, rhinorrhea, dysgeusia, or a combin...

today bleach and detergents are being frequently used and some people use their mixture for more cleaning. because of chemical interaction of bleach and detergent, chlorine gas was released and thereby it could be dangerous for human health. this study examined the effects of exposed toxic mixture of bleach and detergent on the mucosa layer and lamina mucosa conjunctiva in the mice. in this stu...