background: root canal cleaning is an important step in endodontic therapy. in order to develop better techniques, a new generation of endodontic instruments has been designed. the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of manual k-files (mani co, tokyo, japan) and two rotary systems–mtwo (dentsply-maillefer, ballaigues, switzerland) and protaper (vdw, munich, germany)–for root cana...

After 50 years the connections between fresh water pipes (800-1000mm diameter) need to be repaired due to aging and dissolution of the filling material. Only in Vienna 3000km of pipes need to be improved, which requires a robotic solution. The main challenge is to accurate place the robot in the center of the pipe while overcoming the push back forces and vibrations caused in the cleaning proce...

Introduction. Data regarding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Legionella pneumophila, Hepatitis B virus suggest that the environment plays an important role in infection transmission in dental healthcare settings. The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention suggest covering clinical contact surfaces with disposal barriers or disinfecting them between patients. Both methods have d...

the number of vegetable processing plants has been increased during recent years in iran as many other countries. on the other hand, fresh vegetable products are susceptible to microbial contamination after harvest, processing, handling, packing and distribution. the aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the level of microbial load of vegetables during different cleaning steps in a fr...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to perform simulated-use testing as well as a clinical study to assess the efficacy of the EVOTECH Endoscope Cleaner and Reprocessor (ECR) cleaning for flexible colonoscopes, duodenoscopes, gastroscopes and bronchoscopes. The main aim was to determine if the cleaning achieved using the ECR was at least equivalent to that achieved using optimal manual c...

Recent research has helped elucidate a potentially important mechanism by which repetitive, compulsive behavior leads to memory and perceptual distrust. Although the effects of repeated checking and perseverative staring have been investigated, no research to date has examined the impact of compulsive cleaning on cognitive confidence. This study examined the effect of repeated cleaning in a coh...

Concern about contamination of fibreoptic endoscopes with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has generated a variety of disruptive and possibly unnecessary infection control practices in endoscopy units. Current recommendations on the cleaning and disinfection of endoscopes have been formulated without applied experimental evidence of the effective removal of HIV from endoscopes. To study the k...

conclusions concept mapping was superior to conventional skill teaching methods. it is suggested to use concept mapping in teaching practical courses such as fundamentals of nursing. results before education, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in the three skills of cleaning (p = 0.251), injection (p = 0.185) and sterilizing (p = 0.568). the students mean scores wer...