Death rates are widely used as a convenient way of summarising important aspects of health in a population. However, they are not always easy to interpret, and even when techniques such as standardisation are used the impact of premature death may be difficult to assess. Cohort analysis provides summary information that takes account of age at death and that can be displayed graphically in a re...

Background: The present study was carried out to investigate how the interactions between aging, vitrification, and post-warming interval affect the credibility of sheep MII-oocytes for in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic injection (ICSI), and parthenogenetic activation (PA). Materials and Methods: The vitrified-warmed oocytes, either immediately (immediate group: IG) or two hours po...

Ongoing questions on the historical mean and standard deviation of the return on equities and bonds and on the equilibrium demand for these securities are addressed in the context of a stationary, overlapping-generations economy in which consumers are subject to a borrowing constraint. The key feature captured by the OLG economy is that the bulk of the future income of the young consumers is de...

STUDY OBJECTIVE Determinants of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in rural middle aged and older women of diverse racial and ethnic groups are not well understood. This study examined: (1) urban-rural differences in LTPA by sociodemographic factors, (2) urban-rural differences in LTPA determinants, and (3) the pattern of relations between LTPA determinants and LTPA. DESIGN A modified vers...

Since its beginning and, more effectively, since the Middle Ages, medical practice has been the subject of relentless social control and, consequently, of the Law itself. In this sense, Medieval Medicine was subjected to the practical analysis of obtained results, whether with the use of medications or surgical interventions, thus defining what therapeutic success, accidental result, unforeseea...

This exploratory article examines several aspects of the complex problem of combining data on income and wealth into a single measure of economic well-being. Examples of income-wealth measures that have been used are described. Estimates of the economic well-being of age groups in the current period are presented for several measures. To examine the sensitivity of the results to the choice of m...

Previous research has demonstrated stability of cognitive ability and marked heritability during adulthood, but questions remain about the extent to which genetic factors account for this stability. We conducted a 35-year longitudinal assessment of general cognitive ability using the Armed Forces Qualification Test administered to 7,232 male twins in early adulthood and readministered to a subs...

BACKGROUND   Many cohort studies have been carried out that have provided information on the relationship between diet and health-related outcomes. Omission of important covariates during multivariate analysis may give rise to error due to residual confounding. A possibly important covariate is socioeconomic status (SES) as this is related to both diet and health. OBJECTIVE To determine the f...

F decades medieval historians have placed population at the centre of their concerns, but it is only in recent years that their studies have begun to constitute a respectable branch of historical demography. From the scrutiny of oblique records which provide indications of such matters as settlement, the size of landholdings, land values, prices and wages, attention has increasingly turned towa...

BACKGROUND Based on the knowledge on beneficial effects of physical activity (PA) on health and fitness, we hypothesized that PA in adolescence is related to high education and socio-economic position (SEP) in adulthood. Improved school performance may mediate the hypothesized relationship. METHODS The Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Surveys (AHLS), collected biennially in 1981-89 (baseline) ...