On 13 January 2021, we lost a very good friend, and the country one of its preeminent policy advisors in fields agricultural development land reform, yet another victim Covid...

this paper examines the effects of agricultural land productivity improvement on the economy of iran assuming that the domestic and international trade liberalizations will open up the opportunities to expand market access. a 25-sector computable general equi-librium model was developed to simulate the effects of this policy. the simulation results indicate that enhancing agricultural land prod...

a central problem in designing effective models of provider governance in health systems has been to ensure an appropriate balance between the concerns of public sector and/or government decision-makers, on the one hand, and of non-governmental health services actors in civil society and private life, on the other. in tax-funded european health systems up to the 1980s, the state and other publi...

iran has experienced significant changes in the distribution of employed population of ruralareas in major professional categories in the years 1956 to 2006. accordingly, it is important to studythe changes in occupational structure, factors influencing these changes, and their implications. themethodology of this study is documentary and secondary analysis. moreover, in order to explain whythe...

Before the economic reform, or “Doi moi”, the north-western uplands of Vietnam, which are characterized by a complicated terrain and a high cultural diversity, were affected by high illiteracy rates, severe environmental degradation, and poor infrastructural facilities. The livelihoods of the rural upland communities were maintained through a combination of hillside swidden agriculture with low...

Between the influence of multinational organizations and grass-roots culture, is agriculture as a reality. A case study of grass-roots agriculture (the developing world smallholder), through survey, interview, and participatory research, is developed to include the major external influence as indicated by rural, smallholding farmers of Kenya – the market. Multiple methods are utilized in the ca...