The shell liner type, rotation speed, and ball filling percent are the key factors influencing the charge behavior inside the SAG mills, and consequently, their performance. In this work, the milling operation of industrial SAG mills is investigated using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). First, an industrial SAG mill with dimensions of 9.50 m × 4.42 m that has a Smooth-type liner is sim...

Industrial ecology (IE) promotes the development of industrial systems based on recycling of matter and cascading of energy through cooperation. In this paper, the local/regional industrial ecosystem approach is reflected in two examples from Finland. The local forest industry system is based on renewable resources, waste materials and energy utilisation between forestry companies, a saw-mill, ...

This research is focused on the Phase I SABC milling circuit of the Wushan porphyry copper mine. Improvements to the existing circuit were targeted without any significant alterations to existing equipment or the SABC circuit. JKSimMet simulations were used to test various operating and design conditions to improve the comminution process. Modifications to the SABC comminution circuit included ...

The impact of soft computing is increasing because of it’s tolerant of imprecision, uncertainty, partial truth, and approximation nature. We can incorporate intelligence in industrial automation by using soft computing. Fuzzy knowledge based systems in its current form is influenced by Zadeh's 1965 paper on fuzzy sets. This paper reports a design methodology for developing a fuzzy inference sys...

An efficient method for Pichia cell disruption that employs an aminopropyl magnesium phyllosilicate (AMP) clay-assisted glass beads mill is presented. AMP clay is functionalized nanocomposite resembling the talc parent structure Si8Mg6O20(OH)4 that has been proven to permeate the bacterial membrane and cause cell lysis. The recombinant capsid protein of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) expr...

The formation of ZnSe via a mechanically-induced self-sustaining reaction (MSR) from a Zn/Se mixture showed that only size reduction and mixing of the reactants without product formation occurred during the induction period prior to ignition. Therefore, all mechanical energy supplied by the planetary mill during this time, called the ignition time (tig), was used exclusively in the activation o...

Modeling for the ball mill grinding process is still an imperative but difficult problem for the optimal control of mineral processing industry. Due to the integrated complexities of grinding process (strong nonlinearity, unknown mechanisms, multivariable, time varying parameters, etc.), a hybrid intelligent dynamic model is presented in this paper, which includes a phenomenological ball mill g...

We have obtained deep CO(1-0) observations of 8 nearby, edge-on, low surface brightness (LSB) spiral galaxies using the NRAO 12-m telescope. We report detections of 3 of our targets at > 4σ level as well as one marginal (∼ 3σ) detection. These are among the first direct detections of molecular gas in late-type, LSB spirals. Using a Galactic CO-to-H2 conversion factor, we derive MH2 ∼ 1.4 − 3.5 ...

Recent work argues that similar network performance can result from highly variable sets of network parameters, raising the question of whether neuromodulation can be reliable across individuals with networks with different sets of synaptic strengths and intrinsic membrane conductances. To address this question, we used the dynamic clamp to construct 2-cell reciprocally inhibitory networks from...

We introduce the notion of a local torus action modeled on the standard representation (for simplicity, we call it a local torus action). It is a generalization of a locally standard torus action and also an underlying structure of a locally toric Lagrangian fibration. For a local torus action, we define two invariants called a characteristic pair and an Euler class of the orbit map, and prove ...