1. The routine oxygen consumption by Periophthalmus cantonensis and Boleophthalmus chinensis in water increased geometrically, whereas that in air increased logarithmically with temperature. At temperatures of more than 20 degrees C the oxygen uptake of both species was greater in water than in air. 2. When the fishes were able freely to select either an aquatic or terrestrial habitat, the tota...

The water spider Argyroneta aquatica lives under water, diving to various depths from time to time. At rest, it breathes air trapped within its diving bell with a hydrophilic surface. Outside their diving bell water spiders trap air on their abdomen under a layer of hydrophobic hair. Is the structure of the layer of hair trapping a volume of air on the abdomen of the water spider Argyroneta aqu...

Dense Medium Cyclone is a high capacity device that is widely used in coal preparation. It is simple in design but the swirling turbulent flow, the presence of medium and coal with different density and size fraction and the presence of the air-core make the flow pattern in DMCs complex. In this article the flow pattern simulation of DMC is performed with computational fluid dynamics and Fluent...

Water use efficiency (WUE) reflects the coupling of the carbon and water cycles and is an effective integral trait for assessing the responses of vegetated ecosystems to climate change. In this study, field experiments were performed to examine leaf WUE (WUEleaf) in response to changes in CO2 concentration and other environmental variables, including soil moisture and air temperature. We al...

We measured rate of oxygen consumption ( 2 O V& ) and body temperatures in 10 king penguins in air and water. 2 O V & was measured during rest and at submaximal and maximal exercise before (fed) and after (fasted) an average fasting duration of 14.4 ± 2.3 days (mean ± 1 SD, range 10-19 days) in air and water. Concurrently, we measured subcutaneous temperature and temperature of the upper (heart...

One way to determine the pH at the air/water interface with a confocal fluorescence microscope has been proposed. The relation between the pH at the air/water interface and that in a bulk solution has been formulated in connection with the adsorption equilibrium and the dissociation equilibrium of the dye adsorbed. Rhodamine B (RhB) is used as a surface-active fluorescent pH probe. The correcte...

Air—water bubbly flows are encountered in numerous engineering applications. One type of air—water shear flow, the developing flow region of a plunging jet, is discussed in the light of new experimental evidence. Distributions of air concentration and mean air—water velocity, and bubble chord length distributions are presented for inflow velocities ranging from 2 to 8 m/s. The results indicate ...

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) into the ocean is of general interest because it acts as vehicle for the transport of dissolved contaminants and/or nutrients into the coastal sea and because it may be accompanied by the loss of significant volumes of freshwater. Due to the large-scale and long-term nature of the related hydrological processes, environmental tracers are required for SGD in...