Solid biofuels, such as bark, forest residues, sawdust, and wood chips are important mill fuels in the forest industry. They are combusted in combined heat and power plants (CHP-plants) to generate heat and electricity for pulp and paper making processes. Biofuels usually have high moisture content. The high moisture content decreases the effective heating value of fuel and makes the operation ...

A novel method for narrowing microfluid width in microchannel is presented by utilizing of air boundaries of which inflation direction is perpendicular to microfluid flow. The air boundaries are generated by heating water with microheater. The microfluid width of 300 pm can be focused and maintained as up to 22 pm which is near cell size without affecting cell or microchannel structure. The nar...

A filler for a urethanedimethacrylate composite was silanated with mixtures of fluoroalkyl-, aminoalkyl-, phenyl-, vinyl-, bis silyl ethane- and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAOP) in an attempt to increase the hydrophobicity of the coupling agent layer. Diametral tensile strength was used to evaluate composites stored for (1) 24 h in 23 degrees C (RT) air; (2) 24 h in RT air plus 24 h ...

............................................................................................................................. v LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. xi CHAPTER 1: I...

Boilers are among the most common heating equipment in commercial facilities, often consuming the majority of a facility’s fuel. The load on a boiler plant in a commercial facility constantly fluctuates depending on weather conditions, occupancy rate, and internal heat gains. Proper control of part-load operation can significantly affect energy use. Most boilers in medium-to-large commercial fa...

in this paper, dynamic transient method and conventional degree-hours method (static) have been compared to estimate heating and cooling loads of building’s wall. all main wall surfaces of various orientations, i.e.south, west, east, north, and horizontal are considered in the climate of tehran, iran. in this study, a conventional wall structure, which is comprisedconcrete as main wall material...

SEPTEMBER 2003 AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | W hy does it rain? If a parcel of air rises, it expands in the lower pressure, cools, and therefore condenses moisture in the parcel, producing cloud and, ultimately, rainfall—or perhaps snowfall. So a key ingredient is certainly the many and varied mechanisms for causing air to rise. These range from orographic uplifting as air flows over mounta...