BACKGROUND This study describes heat- and cold-related mortality in 12 urban populations in low- and middle-income countries, thereby extending knowledge of how diverse populations, in non-OECD countries, respond to temperature extremes. METHODS The cities were: Delhi, Monterrey, Mexico City, Chiang Mai, Bangkok, Salvador, São Paulo, Santiago, Cape Town, Ljubljana, Bucharest and Sofia. For ea...

OBJECTIVE To explore whether the apparent low threshold for the mortality effects of air pollution could be the result of confounding. DESIGN The associations between mortality and sulphur dioxide (SO2) were analysed taking into account potential confounding factors. SETTING The Netherlands, 1979-87. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The number of deaths listed by the day on which the death o...

What is air quality? Zhang (2005) defines air quality as the degree of pollution of clean air. Clean air is the air that is free from impurities. Air quality can be determined by measuring the concentration of pollutants in the air. The lower the concentration of airborne pollutants, the better is the air quality. Auvermann (2006) defined air pollutants as compounds or materials that, when susp...

Indoor air pollution due to the indoor burning of polluting fuels has been associated with Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRI) amongst children less than five years old. This paper reviews evidence of the association between household energy, indoor air pollution and child ALRI in South Africa. Studies show evidence consistent with the international literature with the likelihood of ALRI ...

OBJECTIVES Air pollution contributes to mortality and morbidity. We estimated the impact of outdoor air pollution on public health in Seoul metropolitan area, Korea. Attributable cases of morbidity and mortality were estimated. METHODS Epidemiology-based exposure-response functions for a 10 μg/m3 increase in particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) were used to quantify the effects of air pollutio...

This study examines the relationship of asthma emergency department (ED) visits to daily concentrations of ozone and other air pollutants in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. Data on ED visits with a presenting complaint of asthma (n = 1987) were abstracted for the period 1984-1992 (May-September). Air pollution variables included ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfate, and total sus...

BACKGROUND It has previously been reported that the risk of ventricular arrhythmias is positively associated with ambient air pollution among patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) in Boston. AIMS To assess the association of community exposures to air pollution with ventricular arrhythmias in a cohort of ICD patients in metropolitan St Louis, Missouri. METHODS ICD dete...

Background: Current standards for fine particulates and nitrogen dioxide are under revision. Patients with cardiovascular disease have been identified as the largest group which need to be protected from effects of urban air pollution. Methods: We sought to estimate associations between indicators of urban air pollution and daily mortality using time series of daily TSP, PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, ...

Indoor viral and fungal activity is affected by the concentration of moisture in air. Since viruses fungi air directly affects human body, it necessary to maintain a specific humidity range through air-conditioning system. The optimum building 40-60%, needs be maintained regardless season. In winter, separate humidification system required adjust indoor due dry outside However, since convention...

Particulate pollution has important consequences for human health, and is an issue of global concern. Outdoor air pollution has become a cause for alarm in India in particular because recent data suggest that ambient pollution levels in Indian cities are some of the highest in the world. We study the number of particles between 0.5μm and 2.5μm indoors while using affordable air purifiers in the...