The mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) test has been regarded as an in vitro model of the recognition or sensitization phase of the homograft or graft-versus-host reaction. It has been suggested that the graft-versus-host response in vivo is less in xenogeneic combinations than in allogeneic ones and that there is a similar quantitative relationship in MLC responses. Given the above interpretation ...

The formation of chimeric colonies following allogeneic contact between benthic invertebrates may strongly affect colony fitness. Here we show that, in a field population of the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri in Monterey Bay, California, more than 20% of all colonies occur in allogeneic contact with conspecifics. We experimentally assessed the effects of allogeneic contact on the follow...

DNA methylation and other epigenetic phenomena appear to be relevant in the pathogenesis of several malignant disorders. DNA methyltransferases add methyl groups to cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) islandsleading to gene promoter silencing. The DNA methyltransferases inhibitors azacitidine and decitabine have anti-tumor activity against a broad range of malignancies, but have been investigated ...

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been mostly reported in situations involving major ABO incompatibility between donor and recipient. Conventional treatments such as plasma exchange, erythropoietin, and steroid are often unsatisfactory. Rituximab has been reported to be highly effective for PRCA following major ABO-incompatible ...

A prospective study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and financial cost of the use of an autologous blood transfusion device in the reduction of allogeneic blood requirements of patients undergoing primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty. Forty-nine consecutive patients received either the CellTrans blood salvage device (group A of 32 patients) or the Redivac high vacuum drainage system...

The restricted use of allogeneic blood transfusions has been accepted throughout the world as important in reducing risk, particularly of the transmission of infectious diseases. In orthopedic surgery reduced use of allogeneic transfusions has been shown to prevent both early and late postoperative infection. In this issue (page 310) Brian Feagan and colleagues describe transfusion practices an...

The association of preformed anti-donor Abs with the hyperacute rejection of bone marrow and solid organ allografts and the persistence of the anti-donor immune response secondary to immunologic memory make allosensitization an absolute contraindication to transplantation. Mixed allogeneic (A + B-->A) bone marrow chimerism has been demonstrated to confer donor-specific tolerance in nonsensitize...

Anthracycline derivatives often induce cardiomyopathy. Patients with seriously decreased cardiac function due to chemotherapeutic drugs cannot usually receive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) for hematologic disorders. We successfully performed allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in a patient with severe cardiomyopathy. An 18-year-old woman with relapsed acute m...

Induction of immunological tolerance is highly desirable for the treatment and prevention of autoimmunity, allergy, and organ transplant rejection. Adoptive transfer of MHC class I disparate mature T cells at the time of reconstitution of mice with syngeneic bone marrow resulted in specific tolerance to allogeneic skin grafts that were matched to the T cell donor strain. Mature allogeneic T cel...

Reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) from latency is a frequent complication of organ transplantation, and the molecular mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Previous studies have shown that allogeneic stimulation induces reactivation of human CMV (HCMV) in vitro (64). We find that transplantation of vascularized allogeneic kidneys induces murine CMV (MCMV) and HCMV immediate-early (ie) ...