New methods for estimating erosion at Meteor Crater, Arizona, indicate that continuous ejecta deposits beyond 1/4-1/2 crater radii from the rim (0.25R-0.5R) have been lowered less than 1 m on the average. This conclusion is based on the results of two approaches: coarsening ofunweathered ejectainto surface lag deposits and calculation of the sediment budget within a drainage basin on the ejecta...

In this research, we chiefly proceed on-site measurement and analysis to examine how the pumping wells influence groundwater properties. The examined region is surrounded by mountains formed by a bowl shaped depression in the Paleozoic strata and granite. The paleozoic strata basin rock is an impermeable bed upon which there is a permeable diluvium and then alluvium. It is estimated a lot of gr...

An empirical model for scaling Fourier Amplitude Spectra of strong earthquake ground acceleration in terms of magnitude, M, epicentral distance, R, and recording site conditions has been presented. The analysis based on this model implies that: (a) the Fourier amplitude spectra of strong-motion accelerations are characterized by greater energy content and relatively larger amplitudes for long-p...

Paleovalleys are components of regional unconformities that provide important constraints on the tectonic evolution of orogenic systems. Some paleovalleys represent canyons cut through deformed strata. Others comprise linear rift-valleys filled with lakes, streams, or alluvium. Locally preserved fluvial and alluvial gravel may directly link source regions to depositional basins, providing timel...

based on the standards for design of structures, any structure should be designated for seismic loads and any combinations containing seismic loads. for spectral analysis of a structure, the site effect is taken into account by considering its effects on the design spectra. because of different lateral and vertical stiffness of the soil layers underneath the structure, the design spectra are di...