The present work applies a model for microstructural evolution in the solid state and Al–Cu–Mg alloys and expands it in a computationally efficient way to include solid–liquid reactions in fusion welds. The model is used to predict local strength and hardness of the welds, using a formulation that incorporates hardening due to two types of precipitates, i.e. Cu–Mg co-clusters and the S phase pr...

This paper deals with various selective laser melting (SLM) processing strategies for aluminum 2618 powder in order to get material densities and properties close to conventionally-produced, high-strength 2618 alloy. To evaluate the influence of laser scanning strategies on the resulting porosity and mechanical properties a row of experiments was done. Three types of samples were used: single-t...

In hybrid laser–MIG keyhole welding, anti-crack elements can be added into the weld pool through a filler metal in anticipation of compensating mass loss, preventing porosity formation and improving compositional and mechanical properties of the welds. Understanding the mixing and diffusion of the filler metal in the molten pool is vital to achieve these desired objectives. In this study, mathe...

In this work, a Euclidean distance calculator is presented. The circuit comprises of simple computing blocks, their basic element being the floating gate MOSFET (FGMOS), exploiting the merits of this device in designing circuits with low-voltage and rail-to-rail operation. Therefore the overall circuit has the characteristics of modularity, low-voltage and rail-to-rail operation under a single ...

Minor problems arising from optimizations by welding of fixed prostheses frameworks can be identified by macroscopic and microscopic visual inspection. The purpose of this study was to highlight the visible discontinuities present in the laser welds of dental Ni-Cr alloys. Ni-Cr base metal alloys designated for fixed prostheses manufacture were selected for the experiments. Using cast plates, p...

The brain’s sensitivity to self-generated movements is critical for behavior, and relies on accurate internal representations of movements that have been made. In the present study, we stimulated neurons below saccade threshold in the frontal eye Welds of monkeys performing an oculomotor delayed response task. Stimulation during, but not before, the memory period caused small but consistent dis...

Using wavelet transform (WT) for increasing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of discrete-time signals corrupted by additive noise is explained and compared with some other techniques (averaging, frequency filtration, correlation). Signal processing for de-noising is applied to basic periodical signals and repeated transients (in nondestructive ultrasonic testing of welds, where presence of flaws sho...

There is ongoing debate over the relative advantages of rail and bus transit investments. Rail critics assert that cities which expand their bus transit systems exhibit better performance than those that expand rail systems. This study examines those claims. It compares public transport performance in U.S. urban areas that expanded rail transit with urban areas that expanded bus transit from th...

The mitigation of traffic congestion is a growing problem globally. We test whether there is a relationship between rail provision and road performance in Japan, using aggregate level data. Our motivation for examining Japan is the comparatively high level of rail provision in Japan. A regression analysis of prefectural data from 2010 finds that the length of rail has a significant effect on av...

Two architectures for a 1-V, 10-bit 200-kS/s successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (ADC) implemented in a standard CMOS 0.18 μm digital process are presented. A track-andhold circuit based on a novel implementation of the bootstrapped low-voltage analog CMOS switch with a novel rail-to-rail trackand-latch comparator circuit is described. A pMOS-only ladder containing a rail-to-ra...