Computational indistinguishability amplification is the problem of strengthening cryptographic primitives whose security is defined by bounding the distinguishing advantage of an efficient distinguisher. Examples include pseudorandom generators (PRGs), pseudorandom functions (PRFs), and pseudorandom permutations (PRPs). The literature on computational indistinguishability amplification consists...

1 4 Introduction Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, ErbB2, Neu) is a 185-kDa transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor. It is a member of the EGFR family and plays a central role in growth factor signal transduction. HER2 overexpression/amplification is implicated in the development of various solid tumours and plays a pivotal role in oncogenic transformation and tumorogenesis.1 The H...

The search for oncogenes is becoming increasingly important in cancer genetics because they are suitable targets for therapeutic intervention. To identify novel oncogenes, activated by gene amplification, we analyzed cDNA microarrays by high-resolution comparative genome hybridization and compared DNA copy number and mRNA expression levels in lung cancer cell lines. We identified several amplic...

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide.The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) is a transmembrane receptor in the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family located at the long arm of human chromosome 17 (17q12). Diagnostic assays for HER2 in breast cancer provide important prognostic information and independently help guide management by ident...

The clinicopathological significance of amplification was investigated of the gene encoding cyclin E (CCNE1) and we assessed whether CCNE1 was a potential target in endometrioid endometrial carcinomas. CCNE1 amplification and CCNE1 or F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7) expression in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma was assessed by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hyb...

High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect stratified epithelia to establish persistent infections that maintain low-copy-number episomes in infected basal cells. Amplification of viral genomes occurs upon keratinocyte differentiation, followed by virion synthesis. During persistent HPV infections, viral proteins act to evade surveillance by both innate and adaptive immune responses. One of...

An isothermal signal amplification technique for specific DNA sequences, known as cycling probe technology (CPT), was performed within a microfluidic chip. The presence of DNA from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was determined by signal amplification of a specific DNA sequence. The microfluidic device consisted of four channels intersecting to mix the sample and reagents within 55 ...

AIMS Estimated central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) and amplification (Brachial SBP-cSBP) are non-invasive measures potentially prognostic of cardiovascular (CV) disease. No worldwide, multiple-device reference values are available. We aimed to establish reference values for a worldwide general population standardizing between the different available methods of measurement. How these values w...

AIM To evaluate the importance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein overexpression and gene amplification in carcinogenesis of glottic cancer. METHOD In order to evaluate EGFR expression at protein and gene level, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed on tissue microarrays of laryngeal tissue (145 samples) -- 38 samples of...