GPI anchorage in the CEA family results in the acquisition of radically different functions relative to TM anchorage, including inhibition of differentiation and anoikis, disruption of tissue architecture and promotion of tumorigenicity. CEA GPI anchors, as determined by the carboxy-terminal exon of CEA, demonstrate biological specificity in their ability to confer these functional changes. CEA...

Paradigms have started to shift in the orthodontic world since the introduction of mini-implants in the anchorage armamentarium. Various forms of skeletal anchorage, including miniscrews and miniplates, have been reported in the literature. Recently, great emphasis has been placed on the miniscrew type of temporary anchorage device (TAD). These devices are small, are implanted with a relatively...

An ankylosed tooth can be suitable for obtaining orthodontic anchorage. However, if such a tooth lacks adequate clinical crown height, the anchorage will not be effective. In those situations surgical luxation or restorative crown augmentation is suggested. This case report is about the restorative treatment of an ankylosed, infraoccluded tooth to enhance the anchorage for forced orthodontic er...

There are numerous intra-oral appliances that are used for many purposes in orthodontic practice. Some popular instances include those for anchorage preservation, distalizing plates, and expansion appliances. In maximum anchorage extraction cases, which are serious challenges for orthodontists, none of intra-oral devices can preserve the anchorage precisely. Butterfly arch with its unique desig...

MDCK cells were engineered to reversibly express mutant E-cadherin protein with a large extracellular deletion. Mutant cadherin overexpression reduced the expression of endogenous E- and K-cadherins in MDCK cells to negligible levels, resulting in decreased cell adhesion. Despite severe impairment of the cadherin adhesion system, cells overexpressing mutant E-cadherin formed fluid-filled cysts ...

The concept of absolute anchorage has been the topic of extensive investigations in orthodontics. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons who receive referrals for surgical placement of orthodontic anchorage devices need to understand the principles underlying this concept and develop a customized surgical protocol for ideal placement of the implants. Detailed and coordinated communications with referr...

351 P of mandibular molars is challenging because of the high density of mandibular bone. Anterior dental anchorage is often inadequate to protract even a single first molar without reciprocal retraction of the incisors or movement of the dental midline. Furthermore, if the buccal and lingual cortical plates in the edentulous region have collapsed, safe and effective protraction may be impossib...

Anchorage conservation has always been a challenge in orthodontics especially in cases requiring group movement of teeth. The drawbacks of conventional anchorage conservation methods like headgears and intermaxillary elastics have been overcome with the advent of skeletal anchorage. Mini-implants which have been proved successful in several intraoral locations for anchorage, can also be success...