and is one of only eight of its kind currently funded by the NCI (competitive renewal in 2010). This program, which has been continuously funded by the NCI for 41 years, provides a unique eight-week research experience for New Jersey Medical School's first and second-year medical students as well as undergraduate students enrolled in our combined BS/MD seven-year program. This year 21 medical s...

session, and we learn from a report submitted by the Principal Dr. James Loos that six students out of eleven who presented themselves, after having undergone a searching examination, have been found qualified to practise medicine and surgery, and have been recommended to the colonial government for a license. The subjects taught in this school are descriptive and surgical anatomy, general anat...

BACKGROUND The cucumber, Cucumis sativus, is one of the most widely consumed fruit vegetables the world over. The history of its dispersal to the Occident from its centre of origin, the Indian subcontinent, has been incorrectly understood for some time, due to the confusion of cucumbers with vegetable melons. Iconographic and literary evidence has shown that cucumber was absent in Roman times, ...

The author argues that ancient Skepticism may be most suited to deal with two crises in the Age of COVID-19: both physical or epidemiological aspects pandemic, and epistemological ethical crisis increasing disbelief sciences. Following Michel Bitbol, I suggest one way mitigate this faith for science become more epistemically modest, renouncing some its claims describe reality as it objectively ...

BACKGROUND Physicians in ancient Persia played an important role in the development of medicine in the medieval era. One of the most influential figures of this era was Abu Ali Sina or Ibn Sina, known as Avicenna in the western world. The author of more than 200 books on medicine and philosophy, Avicenna followed and further expanded on the tradition of western philosophy and medicine introduce...

Precice information on the treatment of bronchial asthma in Persia up to 9th and 10th century is not available. However according to some old religious books like Yasna and Vendidad, the “Haoma” had been used in the treatment of perspiration disorders and its extract had been advised by Zoraster as sacred water. There are some interesting idea about treatment of thorax diseases, which consist: ...

O ccupational guilds have been observed for thousands of years in many economies: ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome; medieval and early modern India, Japan, Persia, Byzantium, and Europe; and nineteenth-century China, Latin America, and the Ottoman Empire. Guilds were most prevalent in manufacturing. Almost all urban craftsmen were guilded and, in parts of central and southern Europe, many rural ...