six causes of revelation have been related concerning āya 115 of sūrat al-baqara; i.e. the noble āya, ﴾to allah belong the east and the west: so whichever way you turn, there is the face of allah! allah is indeed all-bounteous, all-knowing.﴿ because of their relation through the shī‘a, two of these causes of revelation have attracted more attention of the imāmī jurisprudents. these two traditio...

In the classic Crawford-Sobel (CS) model of strategic communication between an informed Sender and uninformed Receiver, perfect information transmission is never achieved as an equilibrium outcome. I present a modified version of the CS cheap talk game with the following two innovations: (i) both players take actions, and (ii) actions are strategic substitutes. In contrast to the CS setup, the ...

the attribute of divine wisdom is applied in shi‘ite theology to prove some religious beliefs. shi‘ite theologians believe that providing the tools needed to achieve the divine purpose of the human beings’ creation and removing the obstacles to it is necessary to god. using logical analyses, this research investigates the sufficiency of the arguments based on divine wisdom in relation to the pr...

Standard analyses of omniscience are advanced in terms of a being's knowing the truth value of propositions. For example, Kenny writes that 'The doctrine of omni-science is easy to formulate precisely: it is the doctrine that for all p, then God knows that p.1 Richard Swinburne proposes that 'To say of a person P that he is omniscient at time t is to say that at t P knows of every true proposit...