Sand-gravel mixtures are special engineering geological materials between soils and fractured rocks. This study performs a series of bending element tests to systematically investigate the shear wave velocity ( V s ) sand-gravel mixtures, establish an effective evaluation method, assess influence relative density confining pressure on with wide range gravel contents. The results showed that inc...

Interstitial water temperature within spawning habitats of salmonids may differ from surface-water temperature depending on intragravel flow paths, geomorphic setting, or presence of groundwater. Because survival and developmental timing of salmon are partly controlled by temperature, monitoring temperature within gravels used by spawning salmonids is required to adequately describe the environ...

Abstract: Rainfall runoff collection in ephemeral streams is an objective in semi-arid zones. Rack intake systems are proposed to collect these flash floods with intensive sediment transport. The design parameters address the problem of clogging the spacing between bars. Experiments for two different void ratio racks are shown. Flows, longitudinal slopes in the rack, and water with three gravel...