This paper describes a method for evaluating the quality of synthetic intonation using subjective techniques. This perceptual method of assessing intonation, not only evaluates the quality of synthetic intonation, but also allows us to compare different models of intonation to know which one is the most natural from a perceptual point of view. This procedure has been used to assess the quality ...

The majority of studies addressing Spanish intonation, including work dating as far back as that of Navarro Tomás (1918, 1944) as well as studies conducted using the Autosegmental-Metrical (AM) model of intonational phonology (Ladd 1996, Pierrehumbert 1980, Pierrehumbert & Beckman 1988), have dealt with declaratives or interrogatives produced in a laboratory setting. Such laboratory speech has ...

This study investigated how Mandarin listeners process tone and intonation when the F0 encodings of the lexical tone and intonation are in conflict or in congruency and the role context plays during these processes. Tone and intonation identification experiments were conducted within neutral vs. constraining semantic contexts. Tone identification was much easier than intonation identification i...

The Dutch dialect of Venlo has a lexical tone opposition comparable to the distinction between Accent I and Accent II in Scandinavian. The two word tone patterns are realised in a variety of different ways, depending on the intonation contour, on whether the word has a focus tone, and on whether it occurs finally or nonfinally in the intonational phrase (IP). Twelve such contexts are identified...

Chinese is a tonal language. How lexical tones and intonation interplay with each other is an interesting question. In this study, we investigated emotional intonations by analyzing monosyllabic utterances from two speakers. We found that the tonal space, the edge tone and the duration differ greatly across 7 emotions, and that different speakers showed consistent production patterns. The speak...

The use of special intonation patterns, interrogative particles, the addition tags, disjunctive structures, a change in order constituents, and particularly verbal inflection are among strategies for forming polar questions. This paper describes pattern, tags tandem with question particles conjunction pattern to form questions Lɛtɛ. further discusses social norms governing interrogatives Lɛtɛ d...