The study of determining the factors affecting inflation or consumer price index has been conducted by many macroeconomic economists nationally as well as internationally. In this paper, we assess the external determinants of inflation dynamics in Iran. For this purpose, we use an OLS single equation model and a vector error correction model (VECM). Results of the analysis reveal that money sup...

This paper examines how estimates of the price elasticity of demand for beer vary with the choice of alcohol price series examined. Our most important finding is that the commonly used ACCRA price data are unlikely to reliably indicate alcohol demand elasticities-estimates obtained from this source vary drastically and unpredictably. As an alternative, researchers often use beer taxes to proxy ...

This paper examines how Chinese smokers respond to tax-driven cigarette price increases by estimating a discrete choice model of demand for differentiated products, using annual nationwide brand-level cigarette sales data in China from 2005 to 2010. We allow for substitution between different cigarette brands and also incorporate key features of rational addiction theory into the model. Results...

Poverty and Survival A recent literature highlights the uncertainty concerning whether economic growth has any causal protective effect on health and survival. But equal rates of growth often deliver unequal rates of poverty reduction and absolute deprivation is more clearly relevant. Using state-level panel data for India, we contribute the first estimates of the impact of changes in poverty o...

The present study examines the degree to which income distribution affects the ability of economic growth to reduce poverty, based on 1990s data for a sample of rural and urban sectors of African economies. Using the basic needs approach, an analysis-ofcovariance model is derived and estimated, with the headcount, gap and squared gap poverty ratios serving as the respective dependent variables ...

It is straightforward to evaluate how a perfectly-optimizing, perfectly-informed customer will respond to a non-linear price schedule, but such a customer is rare. In the common case of increasing-block pricing of water and electricity, consumers do not know what marginal price they face during a billing period, because they do not know what demand shocks will occur during the period. If consum...

 International trade causes that markets to become more competitive and small-medium sized enterprises (SMEs) learn to compete effectively within this increasingly competitive global market place. SMEs are able to take advantage of increased opportunities in domestic markets that follow from international trade. It is indeed a way for internationalization of SMEs. This paper analyzes income and...

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" …the price of electricity was found to be a significant determinant of electricity demand in most cases with the expected inverse relationship (higher prices mean less consumption).The results provided no evidence that the responsiveness of Ontario industrial demand to the price of electricity during time periods when demand is the strongest has strengthened since market opening except, perha...

Abstract: When a firm must choose price and output before observing demand and therefore risks unsold output, the standard mark-up rule applies with the elasticity being the elasticity of the average quantity sold with respect to price and marginal cost being the marginal cost of an expected unit sold, computed as the marginal cost of a unit produced divided by the expected fraction of the marg...