1. introduction the long-term result of cooperation between environmental factors and circulation patterns determines the arrangement of type and manner in temperature heat islands in geographical areas. the knowledge about space dispersion in geographical areas provides the grounds for sound programming and proper environmental decision making. the information about time and place distribution...

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in Khorasan Razavi and Khorasan Shomali provinces which are the main provinces located in the northeast of Iran. Total number of 429 blood samples were collected from industrial dairy herds. The samples were categorized based on province, age (2-3, 4-6, and 7-10 years old), calving (≤ 2, 3-5, and > 5) and h...

BACKGROUND Echinococcus multilocularis is the source of alveolar echinococcosis, a potentially fatal zoonotic disease. This investigation assessed the presence of E. multilocularis infection in definitive hosts in the Chenaran region of Razavi Khorasan Province, northeastern Iran. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Fecal samples from 77 domestic and stray dogs and 14 wild carnivores were examined...

Introduction Given the fact that children are more sensitive to radiation, compared to adults, special attention needs to be paid to radiation protection in pediatric radiology. Diagnostic reference level (DRL) has been defined to be employed as a practical tool for examining the overall performance of a radiological center in terms of patient dose among a series of similar equipments in an are...

BACKGROUND Since establishing a safety culture in an organization is considered as the first step in patient safety improvement, there is always a need for updated field evaluation to better plan future decisions. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional, analytic-descriptive study in 25 hospitals related to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS) during a 3-month period from April to Jun...

BACKGROUND/AIM Several types of the hepatitis C virus (HCV), with variations in different parts of the genome, have been isolated from different regions of the world. Based on heterogenic sequences in the isolated genome, HCV is classified into different genotypes and subtypes. Data on distribution of HCV genotypes in a certain region could be important to patient management. Therefore, this st...

Dear Editor, HIV infection, the same as other chronic diseases, is associated with psychiatric symptoms. 1 A profound psychological distress is made after the diagnosis of infection, and several psychiatric disorders including AIDS phobia, bereavement and grief, anxiety and depression were shown as a reaction to the infection. 2 Associating the infection to the stigmatized and illegal behaviors...