We examine the impact of political and criminal accountability on economic growth. Governments seek to maximize their own consumption by extracting rents that are costly to growth. When citizens are able to depose politicians through elections, governments are tightly controlled. The rents politicians are able to extract increase in the length of their term. The effect of the threshold of crimi...

There are many demonstrations of political interrelation of Turk kaganate and Mongol empire. The article deals with one of the points of Turk-Mongol interrelation as the ceremony of ascending the khan to the throne. It is historically proved that the ascending to the throne ceremony takes origin from Turk kaganate period by comparing the materials, concerning the facts of the history of both st...

Anadolu’da 1243 Kösedağ Savaşı yenilgisiyle başlayan Moğol hâkimiyeti, 1256’dan sonra yerini İlhanlılara bırakmıştır. İlhanlı Devleti’nin siyasi egemenliği yaklaşık seksen yıl sürmüş ancak bu dönemde siyasi, ekonomik istikrar bir türlü sağlanamamıştır. Anadolu için genel politikası vergi toplamak üzerine kurulu olup, nedenle çeşitli dönemlerde komutan ve devlet adamları görevlendirilmiştir. Anc...