This paper deals with the threshold radius that warrants the use of single restraining rail for transit and railroads. Different railways use different threshold radius from 91m to 365m to provide restraining rail. These threshold figures are probably experience driven choices. The need for restraining rail may be related to a so-called derailment alarm coefficient of 1.2 sustained over 2m leng...

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar, enabled by millimeter-wave virtual MIMO techniques, provides great promises to the high-resolution automotive sensing and target detection in unmanned ground/aerial vehicles (UGA/UAV). As a long-established problem, however, existing subspace methods suffer from either high complexity or low accuracy. In this work, we propose two efficient me...

We analyze the outage probability of integrated ground-air-space free-space optical (FSO) communication links for different atmospheric turbulence channel models. The performance ground to high altitude platforms (HAPS), HAPS geostationay Earth orbit (GEO) satellite, and GEO satellite is investigated various link configurations (downlink, horizontal, uplink) parameters such as zenith angle, sta...

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) offers a cost-effective solution to link blockage problem in mmWave communications, and the prerequisite of which is accurate estimation (1) optimal beams for base station/access point (BS/AP) mobile terminal (MT), (2) reflection patterns IRSs, (3) blockage. In this paper, we carry out beam training designs IRSs assisted communications estimate aforementione...

Recently, many works have considered a physical properly of antenna in MIMO channel models, such as radiation pattern effective for MIMO system. However, effect of antenna for MIMO with different algorithms is required and also with different environments of signal behavior at each end of the link. Thus, a traditional antenna such as Omni-directional antenna generally is used to design MIMO sys...

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensor nodes (SNs) with wireless communication capabilities for specific sensing tasks. Among different applications, wireless location technologies which are designated to estimate the position of SNs (Geziciet al., 2005) (Haraet al., 2005) (Patwari et al., 2005)have drawn a lot of attention over the past few decades. There are increasing demands for...

WLAN Positioning has been presented by many approaches in literatures using the characteristics of Received Signal Strength (RSS), Time of Arrival (TOA) or Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA), Angle of Arrival (AOA) and cell ID. Among these, RSS approach is the simplest method to implement because there is no need of modification on both access points and client devices whereas its accuracy is te...

Precise navigation, as a method for guiding vehicles from one point to another, is an important subject these days especially in navigation of aircraft. Global satellite systems (GNSSs) are capable tools such purpose. Any intentional or unintentional interference signals may cause risks deadly accidents. Therefore, it tremendously control airports harbors and locate any existing radio frequency...

A full multi-dimensional characterization of the angle arrival (AoA) has immediate applications to efficient operation modern wireless communication systems. In this work, we develop a compressed sensing based method extract AoA information exploiting sparse nature signal received by sensor array. The proposed solution, on atomic <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="ht...

The increased potential and effectiveness of Real-time Locating Systems (RTLSs) substantially influence their application spectrum. They are widely used, inter alia, in the industrial sector, healthcare, home care, and in logistic and security applications. The research aims to develop an analytical method to customize UWB-based RTLS, in order to improve their localization performance in terms ...