The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of cardiac anisotropy on the ECG inverse localization solutions using a heart-model-based approach. The anisotropic heart model was used in forward pacing simulation while anisotropic and isotropic heart models were used in inverse procedures, respectively. Twenty-four sites throughout the ventricles were paced and the sites of origins of v...

Friction force microscopy measurements of a polydiacetylene monolayer film reveal a 300% friction anisotropy that is correlated with the film structure. The film consists of a monolayer of the red form of N-(2-ethanol)-10,12-pentacosadiynamide, prepared on a Langmuir trough and deposited on a mica substrate. As confirmed by atomic force microscopy and fluorescence microscopy, the monolayer cons...

In d x 2 – y -wave superconductors, the effect of s-wave point disorder has been extensively studied in literature. We study anisotropic form V k ′</m...

Shale formations show obvious anisotropic characteristics in their mechanical properties due to pronounced bedding planes and natural fractures. This anisotropic behavior generally creates complex fracturing networks and is crucial to gas shale stimulation. Although much research has been done to study the anisotropic compression behaviors of shale with static and quasi-static strain rates, the...

BACKGROUND Anisotropy of conduction facilitates re-entry and is, therefore, a key determinant of the stability of atrial fibrillation (AF). Little is known about the effect of AF on atrial bundle architecture and consequent changes in anisotropy of conduction and maintenance of AF. METHODS AND RESULTS Direct contact mapping was performed in left atria of goats with acute AF (n=6) or persisten...

Effect of elastic anisotropy on indentation-induced thin film interfacial delamination, especially, at the initiation and early growth stage, is examined. The indentation load is modeled as a constant pressure over an expanding semi-spherical cavity. The delamination process is approached by a cohesive zone model. The rest of the problem is formulated within the general anisotropic elasticity t...