Introduction: Ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament are an important health problem in current-day populations, with potentially serious sequelae for later mobility, ability to work and quality-of-life. This fact is further complicated by recent evidence, showing insufficient protection from joint degeneration even with treatment of these injuries with ACL reconstruction, the current gold ...

In recent years, the number of women playing sports has increased significantly. The passage of Title IX in 1972 had a significant effect in encouraging female participation in sports. This increase in women's sports participation also led to a rise in noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. As ACL injuries in young female athletes have be- come a public health issue, much researc...

An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is one of the most common orthopaedic injuries. Optimal results are not always achieved after surgical reconstruction after a surgical technical error, namely, tunnel malposition. Understanding of the anatomy is vital, and several anatomic landmarks can be used to aid in an optimal reconstruction technique. The purpose of this Technical Note is to descri...

Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is substantially more challenging than primary reconstruction. Management of previously malpositioned or widened tunnels often requires innovative approaches for managing bony defects. Massive osteolysis with poor bone stock and convergence or overlapping of revision tunnels into the previously placed tunnels may necessitate a staged revi...

Bone grafting of the patellar defect from harvest of the central third bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been advocated by some authors to decrease the risk of patellar fracture from the existing stress riser as well as decrease postoperative donor site pain. We present a method of harvesting bone reamings during ACL reconstruction that i...

The “deep lateral femoral notch” sign refers to an osteochondral impaction injury of the lateral femoral condyle that is associated with disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). At the time of injury, the tibia translates anteriorly relative to the femur resulting in an impaction injury of the lateral femoral condyle against the posterior tibial plateau. Identification of the “deep” ...

The principles of rehabilitation after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction are similar to those guiding rehabilitation after other ligamentous reconstructions of the knee, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The key features are to address pain control, range of motion (ROM), quadriceps strengthening, and proximal lower limb control. Return of full ROM, pain control, and protect...

The Segond fracture is defined as an avulsion of the proximal anterolateral tibial plateau region originally described by the French surgeon Paul Ferdinand Segond in 1879 [1,2]. This injury is widely accepted as a pathognomonic radiographic marker of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury [1-3]. However, some reports describe this injury in the presence of an intact ACL in skeletally immature ...

PURPOSE The purpose of our study was to systematically review current arthroscopic and related literature and to characterize the anatomic centrum of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) femoral footprint. METHODS On June 2, 2011, 2 independent reviewers performed a Medline search using the terms "anterior cruciate ligament" or "ACL," "femur" or "femoral," and "anatomy" or "origin" or "footpr...

PURPOSE To establish the sensitivity and specificity of indirect signs at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. MATERIALS AND METHODS MR images of the knees of 89 consecutive patients (54 with torn and 35 with normal ACLs) were reviewed. RESULTS The indirect signs were as follows (first percentage is sensitivity; the second, specificity): angle between la...