5-HIAA in the caudate nucleus (Alzheimer, 3.2 f 1.7; control, 5.2k2.3; P< 0.01), HVA in the caudate nucleus (Alzheimer, 13.5k5.0; control, 24.6k7.3; P<O.OI) and HVA in putamen (Alzheimer, 2.3 k0.9; control, 4.7k2.6; P<0.002). The highest CSF concentration of HVA is in the lateral ventricles, which are adjacent to the dopamine-rich caudate nucleus. Therefore, it seems likely that the CSF deficit...

OBJECTIVE Authors performed a neuropsychological determination of which individuals in a group of community-dwelling, healthy elderly volunteers would develop cognitive decline. METHODS A group of 155 volunteers reporting good memory and thinking participated in a prospective study over 4 years. Authors monitored cognitive functioning and incidence of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)/Alzheimer...

A new photoisomer of the promising "anti-Alzheimer" drug candidate (+/-) huperzine A is described. The new substance was formed via a photoisomerization reaction and was found to be 1-amino-13-ethylidene-11-methyl-6-aza-tetracyclo-[7.3.1.0(2.7).0(4.7)]-trideca-2,10-diene-5-one using NMR analysis. The kinetics of its formation was studied and proven to be of first-order. The described photoisome...

In this contribution we investigated the correlation between plasma vitamin B12 levels and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. We could demonstrate a significant inverse correlation when the MMSE scores of those patients with the lowest 10% Vitamin B12 plasma levels (<184 ng/ml) were compared with the upper 10% Vitamin B12 plasma levels (>598 ng/ml): p=0.008, Spearman-Rho= -0.36. MMSE ...

saffron or crocus sativus l. (c. sativus) has been widely used as a medicinal plant to promote human health, especially in asia. the main components of saffron are crocin, picrocrocin and safranal. the median lethal doses (ld50) of c. sativus are 200 mg/ml and 20.7 g/kg in vitro and in animal studies, respectively. saffron has been suggested to be effective in the treatment of a wide range of d...

objective(s): alzheimer’s disease (ad) as progressive cognitive decline and the most common form of dementia is due to degeneration of the cholinergic neurons in the brain. therefore, administration of the acetylcholinesterase (ache) inhibitors such as donepezil is the first choice for treatment of the ad. in the present study, we focused on the synthesis and anti-cholinesterase evaluation of n...

Small molecule modulators of mitochondrial function have been attracted much attention in recent years due to their potential therapeutic applications for neurodegenerative diseases. The translocator protein (TSPO) is a promising target such compounds, given its involvement the formation permeability transition pore response stress. In this study, we performed ligand-based pharmacophore design ...

nowadays, many people prefer to use herbal remedies instead of chemical treatments, because of a fewer side effects. it seems that herbal drugs can be useful to neuroinflammation diseases like alzheimer. alzheimer disease (ad) is caused by the oxidative stress and inflammatory compounds such as cytokine and beta-amyloid. it causes learning problems due to damage in cells in the hippocampus area...