We introduce the basic notions of ideal theory in rings. This includes left and right ideals, (finitely) generated ideals and some operations on ideals such as the addition of ideals and the radical of an ideal. In addition we introduce linear combinations to formalize the well-known characterization of generated ideals. Principal ideal domains and Noetherian rings are defined. The latter devel...

In this paper, we describe the primitive ideal space of the $C^*$-algebra $C^*(mathcal G)$  associated to the ultragraph $mathcal{G}$. We investigate the structure of the closed ideals of the quotient ultragraph $  C^* $-algebra  $C^*left(mathcal G/(H,S)right)$ which contain no nonzero set projections and then we characterize all non gauge-invariant primitive ideals. Our results generalize the ...

Abstract. The interval-valued prime fuzzy ideals (in brevity, the iv. prime fuzzy ideals) of a semigroup have been recently studied by Kar, Sarkar and Shum [18]. As a continued study of i-v fuzzy ideals, we are going to investigate the properties of i-v fuzzy quasi-ideal and i-v fuzzy bi-ideal of a semiring and then we characterize the regularity and intra-regularity of a semiring in terms of t...

Abstract. In this paper, intuitionistic fuzzy h-bi-ideals and intuitionistic fuzzy hquasi-ideals of hemirings are studied and some related properties are investigated. We characterize fully idempotent hemirings by the properties of their intuitionistic fuzzy h-ideals.We also characterize h-hemiregularity, h-intra-hemiregularity and h-quasi-hemiregularity in hemirings by the properties of their ...

For $A,Bin M_{nm},$ we say that $A$ is left matrix majorized (resp. left matrix submajorized) by $B$ and write $Aprec_{ell}B$ (resp. $Aprec_{ell s}B$), if $A=RB$ for some $ntimes n$ row stochastic (resp. row substochastic) matrix $R.$ Moreover, we define the relation $sim_{ell s} $ on $M_{nm}$ as follows: $Asim_{ell s} B$ if $Aprec_{ell s} Bprec_{ell s} A.$ This paper characterizes all linear p...

In this note first we define the notions of intuitionistic fuzzy dual positive implicative hyper K-ideals of types 1,2,3,4 and intuitionistic fuzzy dual hyper K-ideals. Then we give some classifications about these notions according to the level subsets. Also by given some examples we show that these notions are not equivalent, however we prove some theorems which show that there are some relat...

We deal with Krull’s intersection theorem on the ideals of a commutative Noetherian ring in the fuzzy setting. We first characterise products of finitely generated fuzzy ideals in terms of fuzzy points. Then, we study the question of uniqueness and existence of primary decompositions of fuzzy ideals. Finally, we use such decompositions and a form of Nakayama’s lemma to prove the Krull intersect...

In this paper, we apply the concept of fuzzy set to ideals and closed ideals in B-algebras. The notion of a fuzzy closed ideal of a B-algebra is introduced, and some related properties are investigated. Also, the product of fuzzy B-algebra is investigated. Keywords—B-algebras, fuzzy sets, fuzzy ideals, homomorphism, fuzzy closed ideals, homomorphism, equivalence relation, level cut, product of ...

The notion of (∈,∈ ∨q)-interval-valued fuzzy prime ideals in commutative BCK-algebras is introduced. Some characterization theorems in (∈,∈ ∨q)-interval-valued fuzzy prime ideals in commutative BCK-algebras are derived. Also we study relation between (∈,∈ ∨q)-interval-valued fuzzy prime ideal and (∈ ∨q)-interval-valued fuzzy level prime ideals. Characterization of interval-valued fuzzy set to b...