the empiric antibiotic therapy can result in antibiotic overuse, development of bacterial resistance and increasing costs in critically ill patients. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of procalcitonin (pct) guide treatment on antibiotic use and clinical outcomes of patients admitted to intensive care unit (icu) with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs).  a total ...

background and objectives: mortality is highly variable within population of cultured fish due to virulent bacteria causing fish septicemia. the use of nano-silver marine fungal chitosan as antibiotic synergisers could be an alternative in the treatment of sepsis fish pathogens. materials and methods: different bulk chitosan solutions were prepared from the mycelia of four marine fungi ( asperg...

Anti-bacterial drugs have “selective toxicity”, that is they interact with a target present on the bacterial cell, the prokaryote, that is not present in the mammalian host, the eukaryote. For the ß-lactam drugs, this target is the cell wall. Mammalian cells lack cell walls, which for the bacteria are a critically important barrier protecting the organism from not only the vagaries of osmotic s...

Purpose: To analyze and summarize information on the problem of contamination aquatic ecosystems with antibiotics. Findings: The presented work describes global risks associated presence antibiotics in environment organisms, demonstrates quantitative qualitative assessment antibiotic residues ocean resources using bivalves. Practical value. review can be useful for public engaged ecology, agric...

background enterococci have emerged as more virulent and multidrug-resistant in community and hospital settings. the emergence of vancomycin resistant enterococci (vre) in hospitals has posed a serious threat to public health. the widespread use of antibiotics to treat vre infections has resulted in the development of resistant forms of these organisms. conclusions among the nanoparticles, zno ...

Antibiotics are the class of medication that prevent infections is caused by bacteria; antibiotics make it difficult to grow or multiply directly killing them. But widespread misuse can also lead serious consequences. In case post-operative patients, empirical should be selected based on site infection, etiology, and pharmacokinetics antibiotics. Therefore, rational use increase in total count ...