detection of bovine leukemia virus antigens can induces humoral immunity in cow were evaluated. fifteen lymph node from infected cows that had positive results in agid and elisa tests for blv and have clinical signs of lymphosarcoma, in addition five lymph node from apparently healthy cows that had negative results in serological tests. after preparation of extract of lymph nodes, all of the sa...

cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) is one of widely-spread viruses of plants with the broadest host range encompassing over 1200 species. one major limiting factor for detection of the virus is unavailability of the virus-specific antibodies especially in developing countries. recombinant dna technology facilitates antibody preparation without requiring special equipment. in this study, coat protein (...

Detection of antigen-specific T-cells is critical for diagnostic assessment and design of therapeutic strategies for many disease states. Effective monitoring of these cells requires technologies that assess their numbers as well as functional response. Current detection of antigen-specific T-cells involves flow cytometry and functional assays and requires fluorescently labeled, soluble forms o...

An antigen detection system, termed immuno-polymerase chain reaction (immuno-PCR), was developed in which a specific DNA molecule is used as the marker. A streptavidin-protein A chimera that possesses tight and specific binding affinity both for biotin and immunoglobulin G was used to attach a biotinylated DNA specifically to antigen-monoclonal antibody complexes that had been immobilized on mi...

A polyvalent antigen composed of heat-killed agar-grown Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1-4 suspended in a suspension of yolk-sac from embryonated hens' eggs has been examined for use in the indirect fluorescent antibody test for Legionella infection. The serological response detected by monovalent antigen correlated well with that detected by polyvalent antigen. The use of polyvalent antigen...

Background and Aims: Legionnaires’ disease is seen in sporadic and epidemic form. The most prevalent cause is Legionella pnuemophilia (L.pneumophila), which produces a severe disease in vulnerable individuals with a high fatality rate. This study was conducted due to the wide and universal distribution of the Legionnaires’ disease, lack of conventional and accessible diagnostic meth...

Detection of antibody to Coccidioides immitis F antigen is of proved value in the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. This antibody is demonstrable by use of an immunodiffusion assay with reference coccidioidin antigen and antiserum to C. immitis. Using a combination of lectin affinity and immunoaffinity chromatography, we isolated the F antigen from coccidioidin and prepared monospecific antibody...

Hepatitis C virus infection is a persistent worldwide public health concern. The prevalence of HCV infection is much higher in patients on chronic haemodialysis (HD) than in the general population. HCV infection can detrimentally affect patients throughout the spectrum of chronic kidney disease. Despite the control of blood products, hepatitis C virus transmission is still being observed among ...

Nanotechnology-based techniques are being widely evaluated in medical testing and could provide a new generation of diagnostic assays due to their high degrees of sensitivity, high specificity, multiplexing capabilities, and ability to operate without enzymes. In this article, we have modified a nanoparticle-based biobarcode amplification (BCA) assay for early and sensitive detection of HIV-1 c...

The identification and study of antigen-specific CD4 T cells, both in peripheral blood and in tissues, is key for a broad range of immunological research, including vaccine responses and infectious diseases. Detection of these cells is hampered by both their rarity and their heterogeneity, in particular with regards to cytokine secretion profiles. These factors prevent the identification of the...